Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, especially in older adults; affects about 35–45% of people over age 60 in Western countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Aging, low-fiber diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and NSAID use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; recurrent episodes may lead to chronic complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscess formation, perforation, peritonitis, fistulas, and bowel obstruction.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects over 200 million people worldwide; common in crowded living conditions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, crowded environments.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with appropriate treatment; symptoms resolve within weeks.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Secondary bacterial infections (e.g., impetigo), crusted scabies in immunocompromised individuals.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common; affects people of all ages, particularly those with compromised immune systems or diabetes.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Breaks in the skin, diabetes, obesity, lymphedema, and poor circulation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; untreated cellulitis can lead to serious complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscess formation, sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis, or chronic swelling.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in children; prevalence varies by region.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Overcrowding, poor hygiene, and close contact with infected individuals or animals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with treatment; untreated cases may result in permanent hair loss.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Scarring alopecia, secondary bacterial infection, and inflammatory kerion.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Annual global incidence varies; bacterial meningitis affects approximately 2.8 per 100,000 annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Crowded living conditions, immunosuppression, age extremes (infants and elderly), head trauma, and lack of vaccination.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Bacterial meningitis has a high mortality if untreated, but early treatment improves outcomes. Viral meningitis typically has a better prognosis.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hearing loss, cognitive impairment, seizures, and hydrocephalus.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incidence of 2-10 cases per 100,000 people annually, higher in populations with joint replacements or comorbidities.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age extremes, pre-existing joint disease, recent joint surgery or trauma, immunosuppression, and intravenous drug use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with prompt intervention; delayed treatment may result in permanent joint damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Joint destruction, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and chronic arthritis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in parts of Africa, Central America, and Southeast Asia; rare elsewhere.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor socioeconomic conditions, close contact with infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; untreated cases may lead to airway obstruction and disfigurement.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Nasal deformity, airway obstruction, and secondary bacterial infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 5–11 cases per 1,000 adults annually; higher in the elderly and those with chronic conditions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, diabetes, or recent viral respiratory infection.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment, though mortality risk increases in older adults or those with comorbidities.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, sepsis, pleural effusion, empyema, or lung abscess.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in certain areas like the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys in the United States; affects 500,000 people annually in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Living in or traveling to endemic areas, immunosuppression, occupational exposure to bird/bat droppings.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable in mild cases; chronic or disseminated histoplasmosis can be life-threatening without treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, pericarditis, or adrenal insufficiency in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in the general population; more common in individuals with compromised immune systems or chronic lung diseases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, long-term corticosteroid use, chemotherapy, solid organ transplants, hematologic malignancies, and existing lung diseases such as COPD or tuberculosis.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; invasive aspergillosis has a high mortality rate without prompt treatment, while allergic forms are manageable with proper therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, dissemination to other organs, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Emerged in 2002–2003 with approximately 8,000 cases globally and a mortality rate of about 9.6%.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, healthcare workers exposed to infected patients, and travelers to outbreak areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early supportive care improves outcomes. Severe cases may lead to high mortality, especially in older adults or those with comorbidities.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
ARDS, septic shock, organ failure, and long-term pulmonary dysfunction in survivors.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in developing countries; in the U.S., Giardia is a leading cause of waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consuming contaminated water (e.g., from lakes or streams), poor sanitation, travel to endemic areas, and close contact with infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with treatment; without treatment, symptoms can persist or become chronic.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss, and in severe cases, growth retardation in children.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; estimated annual incidence is 0.4-0.8 per 100,000 people, more common in children than adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Recent viral or bacterial infections, recent vaccination, genetic predisposition, or underlying autoimmune disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good in most cases; symptoms often resolve with treatment, although some individuals may experience residual neurological deficits.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological impairment, recurrence (though rare), or progression to conditions like multiple sclerosis in some cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries; affects millions globally, particularly in regions with poor sanitation.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of undercooked pork, poor sanitation, close contact with infected individuals, and living in endemic areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with treatment in uncomplicated cases; long-term anticonvulsant therapy may be required for seizure control.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic epilepsy, hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension, and neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in healthcare settings; Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Prolonged hospital stays, use of ventilators, invasive procedures, immunosuppression, recent surgery, and prior antibiotic use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes, but multidrug resistance poses significant challenges. Mortality is higher in critically ill patients.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sepsis, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound infections, and treatment failures due to antimicrobial resistance.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically occurs in individuals with poor oral hygiene or following dental procedures.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Dental infections, trauma, surgery, immunosuppression, and intrauterine device (IUD) use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely and prolonged treatment; untreated cases can result in severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Fistula formation, osteomyelitis, chronic abscess, or systemic spread leading to organ involvement.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common; affects millions annually, particularly children and individuals in close-contact settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor hygiene, exposure to infected individuals, use of contaminated cosmetics, or contact lenses.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with appropriate treatment; symptoms typically resolve within 7–10 days.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Rare, but can include corneal ulcers or spread of infection if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Moderate; more common in individuals using contact lenses or following corneal injury.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Contact lens misuse, trauma to the cornea, and compromised immune defenses.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated early; delayed treatment can lead to scarring or vision loss.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Corneal ulcers, perforation, or permanent vision impairment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in intra-abdominal infections, post-surgical infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Abdominal surgery, trauma, or conditions causing gastrointestinal perforation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; untreated infections can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscess formation, systemic spread (bacteremia), and chronic infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; approximately 1,000 cases annually worldwide, including foodborne, wound, and infant botulism.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Ingesting improperly preserved or canned foods, intravenous drug use (wound botulism), and consuming honey in infants under 1 year.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt treatment, most patients recover fully, though recovery may take weeks to months; untreated cases can be fatal due to respiratory failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, long-term muscle weakness, and secondary infections due to prolonged hospitalization.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but significant in hospital settings and among cystic fibrosis patients.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Cystic fibrosis, chronic lung disease, immunosuppression, and prolonged hospital stays.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; can be severe in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying conditions.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, septicemia, and increased mortality in vulnerable populations.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically occurs in patients with predisposing heart conditions or prosthetic valves.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Pre-existing heart valve disease, dental procedures, or poor dental hygiene.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with treatment, but complications may arise if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Valve damage, heart failure, and systemic embolism.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically associated with bioterrorism events or foodborne outbreaks.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Occupational exposure, bioterrorism incidents, consumption of contaminated food.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt supportive care; severe cases can result in complications or death if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Dehydration, respiratory failure, toxic shock syndrome.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in developed countries due to vaccination; endemic in regions with poor immunization coverage.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lack of vaccination, immunosuppression, close contact with infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; untreated diphtheria can lead to death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Myocarditis, neuropathy, airway obstruction, and systemic toxin effects.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination, but endemic in certain low-resource settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lack of vaccination, close contact with infected individuals, and living in unsanitary conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; however, severe cases can lead to long-term complications or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Airway obstruction, myocarditis, nerve damage, and systemic toxin effects.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but increasingly reported in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hospitalization, invasive procedures, immunosuppression, and use of medical devices like ventilators or catheters.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; better outcomes with early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, though mortality is high in severe cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and multi-organ failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in hospitalized patients, particularly those with invasive devices or recent antibiotic use.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Prolonged hospitalization, use of indwelling catheters, immunosuppression, and prior antibiotic therapy.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with effective treatment, but resistant infections require more complex management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bacteremia, endocarditis, intra-abdominal abscesses, and persistent infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Widespread globally, affecting millions annually. Common in children and can lead to outbreaks in schools or communities.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, crowded living conditions, breaks in the skin.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with early treatment. Complications can arise if untreated, such as rheumatic fever or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, toxic shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare compared to other streptococcal infections; associated with 15–65% of colorectal cancer cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age over 50, colorectal malignancies, valvular heart disease, or immunocompromised conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate antibiotic treatment. However, prognosis may depend on the underlying colorectal malignancy or cardiac condition.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Endocarditis, septicemia, and undiagnosed colorectal cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Reduced significantly in countries with widespread vaccination, but still prevalent in unvaccinated populations. Non-typeable H. influenzae remains a common cause of respiratory infections.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lack of vaccination, immunocompromised state, young age (infants), chronic pulmonary conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with prompt treatment, though complications can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and hearing loss (from meningitis).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Increasing incidence due to antibiotic resistance, particularly in healthcare settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hospitalization, use of invasive devices (e.g., catheters), immunosuppression, diabetes, chronic lung disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; good with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, but mortality rates are high in severe, resistant infections.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Septic shock, lung abscesses, liver abscesses, and antibiotic resistance.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with approximately 0.1–10 cases per million people annually; more common in pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consuming contaminated food (e.g., unpasteurized dairy, processed meats), weakened immune system, pregnancy, newborn status.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; however, untreated severe cases can lead to high mortality rates, especially in neonates and immunocompromised patients.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Meningitis, sepsis, miscarriage or stillbirth in pregnant women, encephalitis, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age (young children, elderly), underlying respiratory conditions, and weakened immune systems.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with appropriate treatment; mild cases often resolve without complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Middle ear infections, sinus infections, exacerbation of COPD, or pneumonia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in intensive care units (ICUs) among patients with severe sepsis; mortality rates range from 30% to 50%.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Severe infections, immunosuppression, advanced age, and comorbidities like diabetes or cancer.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor without aggressive treatment; prognosis depends on the number of organs involved and timeliness of intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Multi-organ failure, prolonged ICU stay, secondary infections, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; occurs primarily in immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Weakened immune system, organ transplantation, corticosteroid use, HIV/AIDS, or chronic lung diseases.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; good with early diagnosis and treatment but poor in disseminated cases or delayed diagnosis.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Dissemination to the brain (brain abscess), lungs, or other organs, leading to potentially life-threatening conditions.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Uncommon as a primary pathogen; often part of polymicrobial infections.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor dental hygiene, surgical procedures, trauma, or immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; untreated infections may spread systemically.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscess rupture, osteomyelitis, septicemia, or endocarditis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in children following strep throat or skin infections.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Recent strep infections, especially in crowded or resource-limited settings.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Usually resolves with supportive care; chronic kidney damage is rare.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute kidney injury, hypertensive encephalopathy, or nephrotic syndrome in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but increasingly identified in healthcare-associated infections, especially in patients with urinary catheters.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, long-term catheter use, extended hospital stays, prior antibiotic use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Can be challenging to treat due to multidrug resistance but favorable outcomes with appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Persistent UTIs, systemic infection, multi-organ failure in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with sporadic outbreaks often linked to contaminated food or water.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of contaminated food, exposure to infected animals, underlying immunodeficiency.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent for uncomplicated cases with supportive care. Severe cases respond well to antibiotic therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Reactive arthritis, septicemia, and erythema nodosum.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in developed countries; more common in resource-limited settings, especially in Africa.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to tick- or louse-infested areas, living in crowded or unsanitary conditions, and travel to endemic regions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; symptoms resolve after antibiotic therapy, though Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction may occur shortly after treatment begins.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, myocarditis, meningitis, multiorgan failure, or death if left untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Sporadic outbreaks in urban environments with high rodent populations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Contact with rodent-infested environments and mite bites.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with treatment; typically self-limiting without severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Rare; may include prolonged fever or secondary bacterial infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common nosocomial pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised patients.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hospitalization, catheter use, immunosuppression, or prior antibiotic use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; severe infections can have a high mortality rate without prompt treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sepsis, organ abscesses, or antibiotic resistance.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common globally; community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections are significant health concerns.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Open wounds, surgical procedures, immune suppression, diabetes, hospital stays, and invasive devices like catheters.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with early treatment; however, MRSA strains pose a higher risk of severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sepsis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and toxic shock syndrome.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; associated with tampon use, wounds, or post-surgical infections.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Tampon use, wounds, surgical procedures, immune suppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With early treatment, survival is high; delayed treatment increases mortality risk.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Multisystem organ failure, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in developed nations but persists in settings with poor hygiene; seen among homeless populations and in war-torn areas.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor sanitation, exposure to lice, homelessness, military service in unsanitary conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Typically good with treatment; symptoms can resolve within weeks, but chronic relapses may occur without appropriate care.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Endocarditis, chronic bacteremia, or recurrent episodes if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in regions with poor sanitation, especially South Asia, with millions of cases annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Ingesting contaminated food or water, poor sanitation, traveling to endemic areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt antibiotic treatment; untreated cases have high mortality rates.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal perforation, sepsis, or chronic carrier state.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in regions with cholera outbreaks; V. vulnificus infections are rare but severe.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of raw seafood, exposure to contaminated water, weakened immunity.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with prompt treatment; V. vulnificus infections can be fatal in high-risk patients.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe dehydration (cholera), septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis (V. vulnificus).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Varies by systemic condition; for example, rheumatoid arthritis affects about 1% of the population.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Autoimmune disorders, genetic predisposition, infections, and environmental factors such as smoking.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the underlying condition but may include periods of remission and flares; early treatment improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pain, joint deformities, disability, systemic organ damage, and increased risk of infections due to immunosuppressive therapy.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in regions with high TB prevalence; incidence varies but accounts for about 1-2% of TB cases worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression (e.g., HIV), malnutrition, crowded living conditions, and poor healthcare access.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; late diagnosis can lead to irreversible spinal deformities and neurological damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Spinal cord compression, paraplegia, kyphosis, chronic pain, and systemic TB spread.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but can occur in patients with predisposing factors like underlying arthritis or joint surgery.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunocompromised states, joint trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, prosthetic joints, intravenous drug use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with appropriate organism-targeted therapy; joint preservation is possible if treated early.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic arthritis, joint instability, systemic infection, or abscess formation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in about 2-3% of prosthetic joint replacements.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, prior infection, prolonged surgical procedures, comorbidities like diabetes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate therapy but often requires complex surgical intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Prosthesis failure, osteomyelitis, systemic spread of infection, and prolonged disability.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incidence varies by region and age group; approximately 2-5 cases per 100,000 people annually in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, head trauma, invasive procedures, close contact with infected individuals, crowded living conditions, and extremes of age (infants and elderly).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt treatment, mortality is 5-30%, but delays in therapy significantly worsen outcomes. Neurological sequelae like hearing loss can occur.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sepsis, increased intracranial pressure, stroke, seizures, and long-term neurological damage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically affects children and adolescents in endemic regions of the United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to mosquito bites, residence in or travel to endemic areas, outdoor activities during peak mosquito seasons.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most cases resolve with supportive care, but severe cases may lead to neurological sequelae or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, cognitive impairment, behavioral changes, or chronic neurological deficits in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare; precise prevalence is unknown but estimated at less than 1 per 1,000,000 people annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Middle-aged males, HLA-B27 positivity, and immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early treatment can lead to full recovery, but delayed diagnosis increases the risk of irreversible neurological damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cognitive impairment, seizures, motor dysfunction, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but more common in the eastern United States, primarily in areas with wetland habitats. Annual cases are low, typically fewer than 10 per year in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Living in or traveling to areas with high mosquito populations, outdoor exposure without protective measures.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
High mortality rate (approximately 30%); survivors often have long-term neurological sequelae.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe neurological damage, paralysis, intellectual disability, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but serious, with an incidence of approximately 2–4 cases per million per year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Prior HSV infections, immunosuppression, neonates (HSV-2), and older adults.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Without treatment, mortality exceeds 70%; with prompt antiviral therapy, mortality is reduced to around 20%, though neurological sequelae are common.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Persistent neurological deficits, cognitive impairments, seizures, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial infections.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic sinusitis, otitis media, head trauma, neurosurgical procedures, and immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with prompt surgical and medical treatment, but delayed intervention can lead to permanent neurological damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Meningitis, brain abscess, venous sinus thrombosis, or neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incidence varies globally; outbreaks are common in the African meningitis belt.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Crowded living conditions, close contact with an infected person, smoking, and complement deficiencies.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Mortality rate is 10–15% even with treatment; survivors may have permanent disabilities.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Septicemia, limb gangrene, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hearing loss, and brain damage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in 1-3 cases per 1,000 live births in developed countries, higher prevalence in low-resource settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Premature birth, maternal infection, prolonged labor, low birth weight, and exposure to group B strep during delivery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; high risk of mortality (10-15%) and neurodevelopmental sequelae in survivors (e.g., hearing loss, cerebral palsy).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sepsis, brain abscesses, hydrocephalus, and developmental delays.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare; sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) occurs in approximately 1–2 cases per million people per year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of prion diseases, exposure to infected tissue (e.g., through surgical instruments or contaminated beef in bovine spongiform encephalopathy).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor prognosis; typically fatal within months to a year of symptom onset.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Rapid neurodegeneration, complete loss of cognitive and motor functions, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare due to the availability of antibiotics for otitis media; typically seen in immunocompromised individuals or those with delayed treatment.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic ear infections, skull trauma, immunosuppression, and inadequate treatment of preceding infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With timely treatment, good prognosis; delayed or untreated cases can lead to serious complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cranial nerve damage, brain abscess, meningitis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.