Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in individuals with type 1 diabetes; can occur in type 2 diabetes during severe stress.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor diabetes management, infection, trauma, surgery, or missed insulin doses.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early treatment leads to recovery; delayed treatment may result in coma or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cerebral edema, hypokalemia, arrhythmias, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1-2% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of heart disease, prior heart attacks, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis depends on the severity of heart damage and the timeliness of treatment. Without prompt intervention, cardiogenic shock can be fatal.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Organ failure, arrhythmias, multi-organ dysfunction, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Global pandemic with millions affected; complications occur in approximately 10-15% of cases, particularly in those with comorbidities.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Older age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies widely; mild cases recover fully, while severe cases may result in prolonged hospitalization, long-term organ damage, or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
ARDS, sepsis, thromboembolic events (e.g., pulmonary embolism), myocarditis, kidney failure, and long COVID symptoms like fatigue and brain fog.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
About 40-70 cases per 100,000 individuals annually, with higher incidence in children and the elderly.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Head trauma, CNS infections, metabolic disturbances, drug intoxication or withdrawal, and family history of epilepsy.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; some cases resolve after treating the underlying cause, while others may lead to a diagnosis of epilepsy. Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Risk of recurrent seizures, progression to status epilepticus, injury during seizures, and psychological effects such as anxiety or depression.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in individuals with type 1 diabetes and occasionally in type 2 diabetes under stress or illness.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor diabetes management, infections, physical or emotional stress, skipping insulin doses, undiagnosed diabetes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable if treated promptly; mortality is low with appropriate intervention but rises if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cerebral edema (especially in children), hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypoglycemia, and multi-organ failure in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, particularly in hospitalized patients; estimated at 15–30% in such settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease, SIADH, use of diuretics, excessive water intake, and advanced age.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good if treated promptly, but severe hyponatremia can lead to permanent neurological damage or death if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cerebral edema, seizures, coma, central pontine myelinolysis (from overly rapid correction).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common globally, particularly in cases of severe diarrhea, vomiting, or heat exposure.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Diarrhea, vomiting, burns, excessive sweating, and diuretic use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with timely treatment; delayed treatment can lead to shock and multi-organ failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hypovolemic shock, acute kidney injury, and electrolyte disturbances.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI); incidence rises in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, advanced age, polycystic kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders affecting the kidneys (e.g., lupus nephritis).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With timely dialysis and treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively; however, the underlying renal disease usually remains progressive without a transplant. Untreated uremia is life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiac arrhythmias, pericarditis, seizures, encephalopathy, fluid overload, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an incidence of approximately 1–2 cases per 100,000 population annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Prolonged tampon use, post-surgical infections, open wounds, childbirth, or nasal packing.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; however, untreated cases can be fatal.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Shock, organ failure, amputations due to necrosis, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common due to the widespread prescription and misuse of benzodiazepines; often co-ingested with other substances like alcohol or opioids.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Polypharmacy, substance use disorder, underlying mental health issues, and unsupervised access to medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good if treated promptly; co-ingestion with other CNS depressants worsens outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, coma, aspiration pneumonia, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
A leading cause of poisoning-related deaths worldwide, with an estimated 50,000 emergency department visits annually in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poorly ventilated spaces, faulty heating systems, exposure to fires, and use of charcoal or gas grills indoors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; delayed or severe exposure may lead to long-term neurological complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological sequelae (e.g., memory loss, difficulty concentrating), myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in 5% of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal; more common in individuals with chronic, severe alcohol dependence.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Long-term heavy alcohol use, history of delirium tremens, concurrent medical illness, and poor nutritional status.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Life-threatening if untreated; with aggressive treatment, the prognosis improves significantly, but mortality still ranges from 1-4%.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Arrhythmias, respiratory failure, aspiration pneumonia, cardiovascular collapse, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Hypothermia is more common in elderly individuals, particularly those who are frail, have chronic health conditions, or live in poorly insulated environments. It is more common during winter months.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, poor circulation, malnutrition, certain medications (such as sedatives or antidepressants), and environmental factors (cold weather, wet clothing).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt and effective treatment, many individuals recover without lasting effects. However, severe cases can lead to organ failure and death if not treated in time.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe hypothermia can cause heart arrhythmias, organ failure, frostbite, respiratory failure, and even death if not managed properly.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and severe asthma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, neuromuscular disorders, severe asthma, and drug overdose.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the underlying condition; with appropriate treatment, many patients can recover, although severe cases may have poor outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory acidosis, pulmonary hypertension, organ failure, and long-term respiratory impairment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Relatively rare, but more common in patients with poorly controlled hypertension or non-adherence to treatment.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Uncontrolled hypertension; kidney disease; pheochromocytoma; pregnancy-related hypertension (e.g., preeclampsia); sudden discontinuation of antihypertensive medications

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt treatment, prognosis is good; delayed treatment can lead to permanent organ damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Stroke; heart attack; acute kidney injury; pulmonary edema; aortic dissection

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in individuals on insulin or sulfonylureas; varies by treatment regimen.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Excess insulin, skipping meals, intense physical activity, or alcohol consumption.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; repeated episodes can impair awareness and cognitive function.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, coma, accidents, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1–3 per 1,000 individuals, with a higher prevalence in postmenopausal women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Female sex, age over 50, genetic predisposition, prolonged lithium or radiation exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent prognosis with surgery; most symptoms resolve after treatment, though bone density recovery may take time.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Osteoporosis, kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular issues due to hypercalcemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in critically ill patients, alcoholics, or those with refeeding syndrome; prevalence varies depending on underlying conditions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, refeeding syndrome, and hyperparathyroidism.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with prompt treatment; prolonged or severe cases can result in complications like muscle breakdown or cardiac issues.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Rhabdomyolysis, respiratory failure, hemolysis, and impaired immune function.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common but underdiagnosed; exact prevalence unknown as many cases are self-limited and not reported.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of gastric surgery (e.g., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), prediabetes, or other conditions affecting glucose metabolism.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Typically manageable with dietary adjustments; long-term outcomes are excellent in most cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
If untreated, frequent hypoglycemia can lead to weight gain due to compensatory eating and impact quality of life.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among individuals with advanced liver disease, with approximately 30-45% of cirrhotic patients developing some form of hepatic encephalopathy.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced liver disease, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, infections, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and high-protein diets.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Reversible with treatment in early stages, but recurrent episodes are common unless the underlying liver dysfunction is addressed. Severe or untreated cases may lead to permanent brain damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Recurrent episodes, progressive cognitive impairment, reduced quality of life, coma, and increased mortality.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; estimated annual incidence is 0.4-0.8 per 100,000 people, more common in children than adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Recent viral or bacterial infections, recent vaccination, genetic predisposition, or underlying autoimmune disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good in most cases; symptoms often resolve with treatment, although some individuals may experience residual neurological deficits.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological impairment, recurrence (though rare), or progression to conditions like multiple sclerosis in some cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, exact prevalence unknown, but cases have been increasing due to improved diagnostic capabilities.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g., tumors producing antibodies), viral infections, genetic predisposition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early diagnosis and treatment; delays can lead to significant disability or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term cognitive impairment, epilepsy, autonomic instability, death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common; estimated 1.6–3.8 million concussions occur annually in the U.S. related to sports and recreational activities.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Participation in contact sports, history of previous concussions, motor vehicle accidents, falls, younger age (children and adolescents).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good, with most people recovering fully within weeks to months; symptoms may persist longer in post-concussion syndrome.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Post-concussion syndrome, second impact syndrome, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), persistent cognitive or emotional problems.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Subdural hematomas are relatively common, especially among older adults and individuals on anticoagulant therapy.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Head trauma, older age, use of blood thinners, alcohol abuse, and brain atrophy.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable depending on severity and treatment; mild cases have a good prognosis, but severe cases can lead to permanent neurological impairment or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation, chronic subdural hematoma, seizures, and cognitive deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in hospitalized patients, especially older adults; occurs in up to 50% of elderly individuals post-surgery.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, pre-existing cognitive impairment, severe illness, substance abuse, or multiple medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Reversible with prompt treatment of the underlying cause; delayed treatment may result in prolonged symptoms or complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term cognitive decline, increased risk of institutionalization, and higher mortality rates in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
TBI is a leading cause of injury-related morbidity in older adults, especially those with balance issues or frailty.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age (especially over 65), previous history of TBI, frailty, falls, anticoagulant use, and environmental hazards.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Recovery from TBI can range from full recovery to long-term cognitive and physical impairments, depending on the severity of the injury. Older adults often have a slower recovery process.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term complications can include cognitive impairment, memory loss, post-concussion syndrome, and an increased risk of dementia or other neurological disorders. There may also be an increased risk of recurrent falls.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
It is a medical emergency that can occur in any age group. The exact prevalence varies based on the population and the underlying causes, but it is commonly seen in trauma patients.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Major trauma (e.g., accidents, burns), gastrointestinal bleeding, surgery, dehydration, severe burns, and certain medical conditions like aneurysms or ruptured organs.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the cause, timing of treatment, and overall health of the patient. Early intervention with fluid resuscitation significantly improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Organ failure (kidneys, liver), electrolyte imbalances, acidosis, and, if untreated, death due to shock.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common than hyponatremia; more frequent in elderly patients and those with limited access to water.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Dehydration, diabetes insipidus, hyperaldosteronism, osmotic diuresis, and impaired thirst mechanism.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if addressed early, but severe cases can result in brain shrinkage, bleeding, or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cerebral bleeding, thrombosis, and neurological damage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in hospitalized patients, especially those on diuretics.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic diuretic use, vomiting, and adrenal gland disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with proper treatment; prolonged cases may cause complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiac arrhythmias, hypokalemia, and seizures.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; seen in critically ill patients or with severe anxiety disorders.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Anxiety, pulmonary disease, sepsis, and renal dysfunction.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with proper management of the underlying cause.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hypocalcemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in patients undergoing treatment for hematologic cancers like lymphoma and leukemia.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
High tumor burden, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, preexisting kidney dysfunction, and high uric acid levels.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early identification and treatment; severe cases can lead to chronic kidney disease or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute kidney injury, severe electrolyte imbalances, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and multiorgan failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in patients with small cell lung cancer, as well as other malignancies like head and neck cancers.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Small cell lung cancer, brain tumors, and medications such as cyclophosphamide or vincristine.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the underlying malignancy and successful management of fluid imbalances.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
If untreated, SIADH can lead to severe hyponatremia, seizures, and coma.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; often seen in people exposed to oxidizing agents (e.g., nitrates, dapsone, or benzocaine). Can also be congenital due to genetic mutations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
exposure to oxidizing drugs or chemicals; genetic predisposition (e.g., cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency); infants under 6 months (due to immature enzyme systems); industrial exposure to nitrates

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis is excellent with prompt treatment. Chronic or untreated cases may result in tissue hypoxia and severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
hypoxia; seizures; cardiovascular collapse; death in severe untreated cases

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common due to decreased aspirin use in children but still a concern in adults and intentional overdoses.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Intentional overdose, chronic use, impaired kidney function, or co-ingestion with other medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; severe cases can result in multi-organ failure and death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, seizures, and renal failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in industrialized countries but associated with fires, industrial exposure, and intentional poisoning.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Smoke inhalation from fires, occupational exposure (e.g., mining, metal plating), ingestion of cyanide-containing compounds.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with rapid intervention; delay in treatment can result in death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological damage, cardiopulmonary arrest, lactic acidosis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Cocaine-related overdoses account for thousands of emergency visits annually, with increasing trends in recent years.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
High-dose cocaine use, concurrent use of other stimulants or alcohol, preexisting heart disease, and lack of access to timely medical care.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly, though delayed treatment or severe complications (e.g., cardiac arrest or stroke) can lead to long-term damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Stroke, myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and sudden death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Increasingly reported due to the availability of synthetic cannabinoids as a legal alternative to cannabis in some regions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Use of synthetic cannabinoids, mixing with other substances, and lack of knowledge about the specific chemical consumed.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most cases resolve with supportive care, but severe toxicity can lead to life-threatening complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute kidney injury, seizures, psychosis, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; occurs due to ingestion of adulterated alcohol or industrial exposure.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Access to methanol-containing products, substance misuse, occupational hazards.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With early treatment, prognosis is good; delayed treatment can result in blindness or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Permanent blindness, multi-organ failure, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Found in industrial settings (painting, printing, chemical production); exposure is common globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Occupational exposure, inadequate ventilation, improper handling of solvents.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies with exposure level; chronic exposure may lead to irreversible organ damage or cancer.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Leukemia (benzene exposure), kidney or liver damage, and neurological disorders.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in modern contexts; usually due to accidental ingestion or misuse of foxglove extracts.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Accidental ingestion, herbal remedy misuse, or overdose of digoxin-containing medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early recognition and treatment; severe cases can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Life-threatening arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, neurological complications (e.g., seizures).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, but incidence is higher in patients with high doses or when multiple injections are administered, especially in high-risk procedures.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
High doses of local anesthetics, accidental intravenous injection, renal or hepatic insufficiency, prolonged duration of anesthesia, and use of multiple anesthetics simultaneously.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Typically reversible with appropriate treatment; mortality is rare but possible with delayed or inadequate intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, cardiovascular collapse, neurological deficits, arrhythmias, and in extreme cases, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Sepsis affects 49 million people annually worldwide, with cytokine storm occurring in a subset of severe cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Older age, chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, cancer), immunosuppression, major surgeries, and infections (e.g., pneumonia, urinary tract infections).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
High mortality rate (25–50%) in severe cases, particularly without prompt treatment; survivors may have long-term complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure, and long-term physical and cognitive impairments.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Highly variable; depends on workplace safety protocols and the type of industry. Common in agriculture, manufacturing, and chemical processing industries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor industrial safety measures, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate training on chemical handling.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies widely; mild exposures resolve with treatment, but severe cases (e.g., toxic inhalation or burns) can lead to long-term health issues or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic lung disease, neurological impairment, organ damage, cancer (from long-term exposure to carcinogenic chemicals).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Inhalant use is most common among adolescents, with 2.7% of high school students reporting use within the past year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Adolescence, access to volatile substances, low socioeconomic status, peer influence, underlying mental health disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early intervention can lead to recovery; prolonged use can cause irreversible neurological and cognitive damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Brain damage, organ failure, hypoxic injuries, and sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1% of the population is affected by sedative misuse. Prevalence is higher in populations with access to these medications.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic stress, insomnia, anxiety disorders, access to sedatives, and family history of substance use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With treatment, many recover fully; without treatment, risk of overdose, severe withdrawal, and relapse is high.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory depression, overdose, seizures during withdrawal, and persistent cognitive impairment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Delirium affects 10-30% of hospitalized patients, particularly in the elderly. Dementia affects 5-8% of individuals over 60 globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, pre-existing cognitive impairment, substance use, infections, polypharmacy, hospitalization, or major surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; delirium is often reversible if the cause is treated, but dementia typically progresses chronically. Amnesia prognosis depends on etiology (e.g., head trauma, substance-related causes).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Falls, prolonged hospitalization, worsening of underlying conditions, or progression to chronic cognitive impairment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incidence is relatively rare but can occur in up to 15% of SSRI overdoses.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Polypharmacy involving serotonergic drugs, overdose, or genetic susceptibility to altered serotonin metabolism.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly; untreated severe cases can lead to life-threatening complications like seizures or organ failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and cardiovascular collapse in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Second most common type of dementia, accounting for 10-20% of dementia cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke or heart disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Progressive condition; life expectancy varies based on severity and comorbid conditions.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Recurrent strokes, increased disability, and caregiver burden.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with approximately 0.1–10 cases per million people annually; more common in pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consuming contaminated food (e.g., unpasteurized dairy, processed meats), weakened immune system, pregnancy, newborn status.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; however, untreated severe cases can lead to high mortality rates, especially in neonates and immunocompromised patients.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Meningitis, sepsis, miscarriage or stillbirth in pregnant women, encephalitis, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in the Americas, particularly in the southeastern United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to tick-infested areas, lack of protective clothing during outdoor activities.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Multi-organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or long-term neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but more common in the eastern United States, primarily in areas with wetland habitats. Annual cases are low, typically fewer than 10 per year in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Living in or traveling to areas with high mosquito populations, outdoor exposure without protective measures.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
High mortality rate (approximately 30%); survivors often have long-term neurological sequelae.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe neurological damage, paralysis, intellectual disability, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Sporadic outbreaks in Central and South America; rare in humans, more common in equines.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Living or working in endemic areas, exposure to mosquitoes, and outdoor activities.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most recover fully, but severe cases may lead to neurological deficits or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological sequelae (e.g., cognitive deficits, epilepsy), and in severe cases, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Found in many parts of the world, especially during mosquito season.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Outdoor activities, lack of mosquito control, immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most recover, but severe cases may result in neurological deficits or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and long-term neurological deficits in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in 10–30% of HIV patients with CD4 counts <100 cells/mm³, especially in those not receiving prophylaxis.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced HIV, exposure to Toxoplasma (e.g., undercooked meat, cat feces), and lack of prophylactic treatment.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated early; untreated cases have high mortality. Residual neurological deficits may occur.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Persistent neurological deficits, seizures, or progression to coma in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Higher incidence in immunocompromised populations; overall prevalence similar to toxoplasmosis.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Weakened immune system, HIV/AIDS, organ transplantation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Guarded in immunocompromised individuals; depends on timely diagnosis and treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological damage, vision loss, and recurrence in untreated cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rabies remains a significant issue in developing countries, particularly in Asia and Africa, due to inadequate vaccination in animals.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Animal bites or scratches from infected animals (typically dogs, bats, raccoons).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Without treatment, rabies is nearly always fatal after symptoms appear. Early administration of PEP is highly effective.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Once clinical symptoms occur, complications include coma, paralysis, and death.