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Sub-Category:

Gastritis (Acute and Chronic)

Sub-category: Inflammatory Disorders

Symptoms:
abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; loss of appetite; bloating; belching; indigestion; dark stools (if bleeding occurs)

Root Cause:
Inflammation of the stomach lining caused by factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive alcohol consumption, NSAID use, or autoimmune disorders.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Through patient history, physical examination, endoscopy with biopsy, and testing for H. pylori (urea breath test, stool antigen test, or blood antibody test).

Treatment:
Addressing the underlying cause (e.g., H. pylori eradication, reducing NSAID use), lifestyle modifications, and symptomatic relief.

Medications:
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole or lansoprazole to reduce stomach acid. H2-receptor antagonists such as ranitidine or famotidine to reduce acid production. Antibiotics (if H. pylori is present) like amoxicillin , clarithromycin , and metronidazole for bacterial eradication. Antacids for temporary relief of symptoms.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common worldwide; chronic gastritis is prevalent in up to 50% of the global population, with higher rates in developing countries due to H. pylori.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic H. pylori infection, long-term NSAID use, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, stress, autoimmune conditions, older age.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate treatment; acute cases often resolve quickly, while chronic cases require ongoing management to prevent complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peptic ulcers, gastric bleeding, anemia, increased risk of gastric cancer (especially in chronic cases linked to H. pylori).

Cervicitis

Specialty: Infectious Diseases

Category: Reproductive System Infections

Sub-category: Inflammatory Disorders

Symptoms:
abnormal vaginal discharge; pelvic pain; pain during intercourse; bleeding between periods; burning sensation during urination

Root Cause:
Inflammation of the cervix due to infection (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae) or non-infectious irritants like allergens or chemical irritants.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Pelvic exam, cervical swab for culture or PCR testing, and exclusion of other reproductive system infections.

Treatment:
Antibiotic therapy for infectious causes, removal of irritants for non-infectious causes.

Medications:
Azithromycin (macrolide antibiotic) or doxycycline (tetracycline antibiotic); sometimes combined with ceftriaxone (beta-lactam antibiotic) for gonococcal infection.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Prevalent among sexually active women; exact prevalence varies depending on risk factors and population.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Multiple sexual partners, unprotected sex, prior history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Treatable with appropriate therapy, but untreated infections can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.