Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 5–10% of the population at some point in life.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, stress, alcohol consumption.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with treatment; recurrence possible if underlying causes persist.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bleeding, perforation, gastric obstruction, increased cancer risk.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, especially in older adults; affects about 35–45% of people over age 60 in Western countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Aging, low-fiber diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and NSAID use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; recurrent episodes may lead to chronic complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscess formation, perforation, peritonitis, fistulas, and bowel obstruction.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 12% of the population globally; more common in women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Stress, hormonal changes, certain foods or drinks, sleep disturbances, family history.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Manageable; frequency and severity often decrease with treatment and lifestyle changes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Medication overuse headaches, chronic migraines, reduced quality of life.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
BPPV is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo; affects about 1–2% of the population annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Aging, head trauma, vestibular disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with proper treatment; symptoms often resolve with repositioning maneuvers.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Falls, persistent imbalance, anxiety about recurrent episodes.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Hepatitis A and B

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor hygiene (Hepatitis A), unvaccinated status (Hepatitis B), needle sharing (Hepatitis C), genetic predisposition (Autoimmune Hepatitis).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Hepatitis A

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 people globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Autoimmune conditions (e.g., autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome), family history, infections (e.g., tuberculosis), adrenal gland damage due to trauma or surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With appropriate treatment, patients can lead normal lives; however, untreated adrenal insufficiency can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis (acute life-threatening condition), electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia, and increased susceptibility to stress-related illnesses.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Millions of cases worldwide annually, with mild TBI (concussion) being the most common.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Sports injuries, motor vehicle accidents, falls, and assaults.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most mild TBIs resolve with proper care; severe TBIs may result in lasting neurological deficits or disability.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Post-concussion syndrome, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), seizures, and long-term cognitive or psychological impairments.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 7% of the population, most commonly in individuals aged 10-30 years.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, high-fat/low-fiber diets, and gastrointestinal infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with timely diagnosis and treatment; recovery is typically quick following surgery.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Perforation of the appendix, peritonitis, abscess formation, and sepsis in untreated or delayed cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
About 50 cases per 100,000 annually in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Alcohol abuse, gallstones, high triglycerides, smoking, certain medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; mild cases resolve in days, while severe cases can lead to multi-organ failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pancreatic necrosis, pseudocysts, infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incarcerated hernias are relatively common, with about 10-15% of hernias progressing to incarceration; strangulated hernias occur in approximately 1-3% of cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Older age, male gender, obesity, chronic coughing or straining, history of previous hernias, heavy lifting.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely surgical intervention; delayed treatment can lead to bowel necrosis, sepsis, and increased mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bowel obstruction, ischemia, necrosis, perforation, and sepsis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in individuals with type 1 diabetes and occasionally in type 2 diabetes under stress or illness.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor diabetes management, infections, physical or emotional stress, skipping insulin doses, undiagnosed diabetes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable if treated promptly; mortality is low with appropriate intervention but rises if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cerebral edema (especially in children), hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypoglycemia, and multi-organ failure in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, particularly in hospitalized patients; estimated at 15–30% in such settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease, SIADH, use of diuretics, excessive water intake, and advanced age.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good if treated promptly, but severe hyponatremia can lead to permanent neurological damage or death if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cerebral edema, seizures, coma, central pontine myelinolysis (from overly rapid correction).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients; higher risk in critical care settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes, sepsis, major surgery, or exposure to nephrotoxic drugs.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; reversible in many cases, but severe or prolonged AKI can lead to chronic kidney damage or failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, chronic kidney disease, and increased risk of mortality.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in hospitalized patients, particularly those with kidney disease, heart failure, or endocrine disorders.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic kidney disease, diuretics, excessive fluid loss, endocrine disorders (e.g., diabetes insipidus, SIADH), and critical illnesses.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt recognition and treatment, outcomes are typically favorable; however, severe imbalances can cause life-threatening complications if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, seizures, neuromuscular dysfunction, and multi-organ failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Acetaminophen toxicity is one of the most common causes of drug overdoses globally and a leading cause of acute liver failure in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic acetaminophen use, concurrent alcohol consumption, pre-existing liver disease, and taking higher-than-recommended doses.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; delayed treatment increases the risk of liver failure, necessitating a liver transplant.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute liver failure, metabolic acidosis, encephalopathy, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in the general population but associated with industrial exposures, smoke inhalation from fires, and deliberate ingestion.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to industrial chemicals, smoke inhalation from fires, ingestion of cyanogenic compounds (e.g., amygdalin in apricot seeds).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with early and appropriate treatment; poor prognosis in delayed or severe cases without intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hypoxic brain injury, multi-organ failure, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in coastal regions; thousands of cases occur annually worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Swimming or diving in marine environments, inadequate protective measures (e.g., wetsuits).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with appropriate treatment; severe cases (e.g., box jellyfish stings) require prompt intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe allergic reactions, tissue necrosis, infection, and cardiac arrest in rare cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Relatively rare; accounts for about 3% of gynecologic emergencies.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Ovarian cysts or tumors, pregnancy, hormonal treatments for ovulation induction, previous ovarian torsion, long ovarian ligaments.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly. Delay in treatment can lead to ovarian necrosis and loss of ovarian function.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Infertility, ovarian necrosis, peritonitis, sepsis, and in severe cases, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incidence is unclear; commonly occurs after viral infections.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Upper respiratory infections, middle ear infections, weakened immune system.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Often resolves completely, though hearing loss may be permanent in some cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic dizziness, permanent hearing loss, anxiety.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated to affect approximately 1% of the population; more common in women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Personal or family history of migraines, stress, hormonal changes, and certain foods or sensory triggers.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally manageable with treatment, though some individuals may experience recurrent or chronic symptoms.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Impaired quality of life, risk of falls due to imbalance, anxiety, and depression.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, especially in adults aged 30–60; exact prevalence varies but is more frequent during viral outbreaks (e.g., flu season).

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Recent viral or bacterial infections, respiratory illnesses, weakened immune system, history of ear infections, and smoking.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good for most cases; symptoms usually improve within a few weeks to months. Persistent balance issues or hearing loss can occur in severe cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic dizziness, permanent hearing loss, and secondary conditions like anxiety due to prolonged vertigo episodes.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Gestational diabetes affects approximately 6-9% of pregnancies globally, with higher rates in certain populations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of diabetes; overweight or obesity; advanced maternal age; previous history of gestational diabetes; ethnic predisposition (e.g., South Asian, African-American, Hispanic); polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most women with gestational diabetes return to normal glucose levels after delivery. However, they remain at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Macrosomia (large baby size); increased risk of cesarean delivery; neonatal hypoglycemia; respiratory distress syndrome in newborn; increased risk of preeclampsia for the mother; future metabolic disorders in both mother and child

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common than primary adrenal insufficiency; often associated with prolonged corticosteroid use or pituitary dysfunction. Exact prevalence is unclear but estimated to be higher than Addison's disease.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Long-term corticosteroid use, pituitary tumors, traumatic brain injury, or radiation therapy to the brain.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally favorable with treatment, but adrenal crises may occur during stress or illness if glucocorticoid dosing is not increased.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis, persistent fatigue, hypoglycemia, and dependence on hormone replacement therapy.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in about 1 in 10,000 deliveries, more common in low-resource settings with inadequate obstetric care.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Severe postpartum hemorrhage, prolonged labor, multiple pregnancies, anemia, low-resource settings.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Manageable with appropriate hormone replacement therapy, but quality of life depends on timely diagnosis and treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis, infertility, osteoporosis, psychological effects such as depression or anxiety.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in the general population; more common in individuals with chronic kidney disease or excessive magnesium intake.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Renal failure, use of magnesium-containing antacids or laxatives, and intravenous magnesium therapy.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with prompt treatment, but severe cases can lead to life-threatening complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and neuromuscular dysfunction.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare; incidence is estimated to be less than 1 per million people annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Often sporadic but may be associated with genetic syndromes like MEN1 or von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; early detection and treatment improve outcomes, but metastatic disease has a poor prognosis.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Metastasis, severe malnutrition due to malabsorption, and hormonal imbalances.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or organ transplants.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, prolonged corticosteroid use, and uncontrolled diabetes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with treatment; delayed therapy can lead to complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Perforation, strictures, and dissemination of the infection.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 50% of the global population, with higher prevalence in developing countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor sanitation, contaminated food or water, close contact with infected individuals, living in crowded or resource-limited settings.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent if treated promptly; eradication significantly reduces the risk of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, increased risk of gastric cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Uncommon in the general population but seen in individuals with untreated peptic ulcers or gastric tumors.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic NSAID use, untreated H. pylori infection, gastric tumors, and prior gastric surgeries.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally favorable if the underlying cause is identified and treated; untreated obstructions can lead to severe dehydration and malnutrition.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Malnutrition, severe dehydration, metabolic alkalosis from repeated vomiting, and gastric perforation if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Duodenal ulcers are more common than gastric ulcers, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 10-15%, particularly among younger adults and males.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, high-stress levels, excessive alcohol consumption, and a family history of peptic ulcers.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most duodenal ulcers heal within 4-6 weeks with appropriate treatment. H. pylori eradication substantially reduces recurrence.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bleeding, perforation, penetration into adjacent organs, duodenal obstruction, and rarely an increased risk of cancer in the duodenum.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Relatively rare, accounting for less than 1% of gastrointestinal cancers, with a higher incidence in adults over 50.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of GISTs, genetic mutations, age over 50, and association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent prognosis for localized GISTs treated surgically; variable outcomes for advanced cases depending on response to TKI therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Tumor rupture, peritoneal spread, liver metastases, and gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; occurs in approximately 1–3 individuals per million annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), family history of endocrine tumors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; curable if localized gastrinoma is surgically removed, but prognosis worsens with metastatic disease.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peptic ulcers, perforation of the stomach or intestines, gastrointestinal bleeding, severe diarrhea, and malnutrition.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in developing countries; in the U.S., Giardia is a leading cause of waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consuming contaminated water (e.g., from lakes or streams), poor sanitation, travel to endemic areas, and close contact with infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with treatment; without treatment, symptoms can persist or become chronic.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss, and in severe cases, growth retardation in children.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; accounts for 1-4% of gastrointestinal malignancies and 30-40% of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV/AIDS, post-transplant), chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., celiac disease), and infections (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on subtype and stage; indolent types have a good prognosis (5-year survival rate ~80%), while aggressive types have lower survival rates (~30-50%).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal perforation, obstruction, bleeding, malabsorption, and systemic spread to other lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Infectious colitis is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide, with bacterial pathogens accounting for 85% of foodborne outbreaks in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Contaminated food or water, international travel, poor hygiene, immunosuppression, and exposure to infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most cases resolve within days to weeks with appropriate treatment, but severe infections can lead to prolonged illness or death, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS, associated with E. coli O157:H7), chronic post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, and intestinal perforation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Alcoholic hepatitis is most common in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol use, with a prevalence of approximately 1–2% of heavy drinkers annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic heavy alcohol consumption, malnutrition, genetic predisposition, female gender (higher susceptibility), obesity, and prior liver disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies with severity; mild cases may recover with alcohol cessation, while severe cases have a high mortality rate without intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and increased risk of infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Cirrhosis from hepatitis or fatty liver disease is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity worldwide, with NAFLD prevalence rising due to obesity epidemics.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic hepatitis B or C infection, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heavy alcohol consumption, genetic factors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on the underlying cause and stage at diagnosis. With treatment of the underlying condition (e.g., hepatitis antivirals or weight management), progression can be slowed. Advanced cases may require liver transplantation.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 100,000; more common in patients with underlying hypercoagulable conditions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hypercoagulable states (e.g., protein C or S deficiency, antiphospholipid syndrome), polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative disorders, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, and liver tumors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable, depending on the extent of liver damage and the success of treatment. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes, but severe or untreated cases may lead to liver failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Liver failure, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and death in advanced or untreated cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among individuals with gallstones; prevalence increases with age and in women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Gallstones, obesity, older age, female gender, and prior episodes of biliary colic.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with treatment; untreated cases can lead to severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Gallbladder rupture, sepsis, emphysematous cholecystitis, and biliary peritonitis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 10-20% of individuals with gallstones develop bile duct stones.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of gallstones, older age, obesity, rapid weight loss, female sex, family history.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; recurrence may occur without addressing risk factors.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cholangitis, pancreatitis, bile duct strictures, liver abscesses.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Most common in adults with gallstones, accounting for 35–40% of acute pancreatitis cases in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Gallstones, obesity, female sex, older age, rapid weight loss, high-fat diet.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; recurrence is prevented with gallstone removal. Mortality risk increases with severe or untreated cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pancreatic necrosis, infection, pseudocysts, organ failure, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Accounts for approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers; globally, it is the 7th leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Smoking; chronic pancreatitis; family history of pancreatic cancer; obesity; type 2 diabetes; genetic syndromes such as BRCA mutations or Lynch syndrome

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor prognosis; the 5-year survival rate is approximately 10%, with earlier detection improving outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Obstruction of the bile duct or intestines; diabetes; malnutrition; metastasis to the liver or peritoneum; pain requiring intensive palliative care

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of chronic pancreatitis cases; higher prevalence in families with known mutations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Positive family history, specific genetic mutations (e.g., PRSS1 mutation).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; depends on frequency and severity of episodes. Higher risk of developing diabetes and pancreatic cancer over time.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, pancreatic cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated prevalence of fewer than 1 in 100,000 individuals; can occur as a primary (idiopathic) condition or secondary to systemic diseases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic predispositions, underlying conditions like scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, neurological disorders, or prior abdominal surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Chronic and often progressive; prognosis depends on the underlying cause and response to treatment. Early intervention with nutritional support can improve outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe malnutrition, intestinal perforation, bacterial overgrowth, sepsis, and dependency on parenteral nutrition in advanced cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 50% of patients with cirrhosis develop ascites within 10 years of diagnosis.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic liver disease, excessive alcohol use, hepatitis infection, malignancies (e.g., ovarian cancer), and heart or kidney failure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Dependent on the cause; ascites related to cirrhosis indicates advanced liver disease and carries a 50% mortality rate over two years without transplant.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and impaired quality of life due to recurrent fluid accumulation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common than open-angle glaucoma; more prevalent in Asian populations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hyperopia, advanced age, female gender, family history.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Sudden and severe vision loss, optic nerve damage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; estimated annual incidence is 0.4-0.8 per 100,000 people, more common in children than adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Recent viral or bacterial infections, recent vaccination, genetic predisposition, or underlying autoimmune disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good in most cases; symptoms often resolve with treatment, although some individuals may experience residual neurological deficits.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological impairment, recurrence (though rare), or progression to conditions like multiple sclerosis in some cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common than migraines with aura, affecting up to 10% of the global population.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Stress, hormonal changes, sleep disturbances, dehydration, and dietary triggers.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Typically chronic but manageable; treatment improves quality of life.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Medication overuse headache, anxiety, depression, and increased stroke risk in specific populations.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Varies globally; bacterial meningitis is more common in low-income regions, while viral meningitis is more frequent in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, weakened immune system, head injury, neurosurgical procedures, certain geographic areas (e.g., meningitis belt in Sub-Saharan Africa).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening if untreated but has good outcomes with prompt treatment. Viral meningitis usually resolves without long-term effects. Fungal meningitis has a more guarded prognosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Brain damage, hearing loss, seizures, hydrocephalus, septic shock, death (especially in untreated bacterial cases).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries; affects millions globally, particularly in regions with poor sanitation.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of undercooked pork, poor sanitation, close contact with infected individuals, and living in endemic areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with treatment in uncomplicated cases; long-term anticonvulsant therapy may be required for seizure control.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic epilepsy, hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension, and neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, accounting for 2-3% of all primary brain tumors; more common in children than adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic syndromes (e.g., Neurofibromatosis Type 2), exposure to ionizing radiation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis varies by grade and resectability; 5-year survival rates for Grade II are 50-70%, while higher-grade tumors have poorer outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hydrocephalus, neurological deficits, tumor recurrence, metastatic spread in the CNS.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 0.2% of the population; more common in women, particularly between the ages of 15 and 50.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Female sex, family history of dysautonomia, history of viral illness, autoimmune diseases, and conditions like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Often manageable with treatment, though symptoms may persist for years; improvement is possible with lifestyle changes and targeted therapies.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe limitations in daily activities, increased risk of falls, anxiety or depression due to chronic illness, and possible progression to other forms of dysautonomia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects 50-60% of individuals aged 60 and older in Western populations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age, low-fiber diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally manageable with lifestyle changes, but recurrent episodes of diverticulitis may require surgical intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscesses, perforation, peritonitis, fistulas, and bleeding.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 10% of the global population, with higher prevalence in individuals over 60.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, family history of kidney disease, and advanced age.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; early detection and treatment can slow progression, but advanced CKD may progress to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or transplantation.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anemia, electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, fluid overload, and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in those with advanced age, particularly among those with terminal illnesses.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, terminal illness, declining functional status, and frailty.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Focus is on comfort rather than cure; the prognosis depends on the underlying condition and the effectiveness of symptom management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Complications often include unmanaged symptoms, family distress, and caregiver burnout. If palliative care is not available, unnecessary suffering may occur.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1% of the global population; more common in adults than children.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of allergies, prior reactions to fish, geographic dietary practices.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Rarely outgrown; lifelong avoidance is typically required.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anaphylaxis, cross-reactivity with other types of fish, limited dietary options in certain regions.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; precise prevalence is unknown.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Allergic diseases, family history of eosinophilic disorders, and certain infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Chronic but manageable with treatment; symptoms may relapse without ongoing management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bowel obstruction, malabsorption, and perforation in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Penetrating brain injuries, such as those caused by gunshot wounds, are less common than blunt trauma but are frequently seen in violence-prone regions, accounting for around 10% of traumatic brain injuries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Gunshot wounds, violent crime, war zones, and industrial accidents are significant risk factors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the severity of the injury, the area of the brain affected, and the speed of medical intervention. Recovery may vary from complete recovery to permanent disability or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Infection (e.g., meningitis), hemorrhagic shock, cognitive deficits, paralysis, persistent seizures, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in approximately 25-30% of blunt abdominal trauma cases, making it the most commonly injured organ.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Blunt abdominal trauma from vehicle collisions, falls, or contact sports.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good in stable cases with non-operative management; splenectomy patients have an increased lifelong risk of infections (overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, OPSI).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hemorrhagic shock, infection, OPSI, abscess formation.