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Sub-Category:

Acute Cystitis

Number of Conditions: 1

Cystitis Empiric Therapy

Specialty: Infectious Diseases

Category: Genitourinary Tract Infections

Sub-category: Acute Cystitis

Symptoms:
frequent and painful urination; urgency to urinate; cloudy or blood-tinged urine; lower abdominal pain or discomfort; mild fever in some cases

Root Cause:
Bacterial infection (commonly Escherichia coli) causing inflammation of the bladder wall.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical symptoms, urinalysis for leukocytes and nitrites, and urine culture for definitive diagnosis.

Treatment:
Initiation of empirical antibiotics while awaiting culture results, hydration, and symptomatic management.

Medications:
Nitrofurantoin (urinary antiseptic), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic combination), or fosfomycin (broad-spectrum antibiotic).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, particularly in women; about 50–60% of women experience cystitis at least once in their lifetime.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Female gender, sexual activity, use of spermicides, postmenopausal status, diabetes, and catheter use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with appropriate treatment; symptoms typically resolve within a few days of starting antibiotics.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pyelonephritis, recurrent infections, and multi-drug resistance.