Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 5–10% of the population at some point in life.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, stress, alcohol consumption.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with treatment; recurrence possible if underlying causes persist.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bleeding, perforation, gastric obstruction, increased cancer risk.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 12% of the population globally; more common in women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Stress, hormonal changes, certain foods or drinks, sleep disturbances, family history.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Manageable; frequency and severity often decrease with treatment and lifestyle changes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Medication overuse headaches, chronic migraines, reduced quality of life.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 6–8% of children and 2–3% of adults globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, other allergies (e.g., asthma, eczema), early exposure to allergens.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with strict avoidance; children may outgrow some allergies.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anaphylaxis, nutritional deficiencies if dietary restrictions are poorly managed.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; varies by condition and population (e.g., MSUD prevalence

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Autosomal recessive inheritance; increased risk in consanguineous marriages or certain ethnic groups (e.g., Mennonite populations for MSUD).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on the condition; early diagnosis and strict adherence to dietary management can lead to good outcomes; delayed treatment can result in severe neurological damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute metabolic crises, intellectual disability, developmental delay, organ damage (e.g., liver failure in galactosemia).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Hepatitis A and B

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor hygiene (Hepatitis A), unvaccinated status (Hepatitis B), needle sharing (Hepatitis C), genetic predisposition (Autoimmune Hepatitis).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Hepatitis A

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 people globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Autoimmune conditions (e.g., autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome), family history, infections (e.g., tuberculosis), adrenal gland damage due to trauma or surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With appropriate treatment, patients can lead normal lives; however, untreated adrenal insufficiency can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis (acute life-threatening condition), electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia, and increased susceptibility to stress-related illnesses.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
HSP is the most common form of vasculitis in children, with an incidence of 10-20 per 100,000 children per year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Typically follows an upper respiratory infection (e.g., streptococcal infection), genetic predisposition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most children recover fully without long-term consequences; however, kidney damage can occur in a small percentage, leading to chronic kidney disease.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Kidney involvement (e.g., glomerulonephritis), gastrointestinal bleeding, and long-term joint pain.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 7% of the population, most commonly in individuals aged 10-30 years.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, high-fat/low-fiber diets, and gastrointestinal infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with timely diagnosis and treatment; recovery is typically quick following surgery.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Perforation of the appendix, peritonitis, abscess formation, and sepsis in untreated or delayed cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
About 50 cases per 100,000 annually in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Alcohol abuse, gallstones, high triglycerides, smoking, certain medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; mild cases resolve in days, while severe cases can lead to multi-organ failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pancreatic necrosis, pseudocysts, infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Incarcerated hernias are relatively common, with about 10-15% of hernias progressing to incarceration; strangulated hernias occur in approximately 1-3% of cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Older age, male gender, obesity, chronic coughing or straining, history of previous hernias, heavy lifting.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely surgical intervention; delayed treatment can lead to bowel necrosis, sepsis, and increased mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bowel obstruction, ischemia, necrosis, perforation, and sepsis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
A leading cause of morbidity globally, with higher prevalence in developing countries; severe cases are less common but can be life-threatening, especially in children and the elderly.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor sanitation, contaminated food or water, travel to endemic regions, immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with adequate hydration and timely treatment; delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, kidney failure, sepsis, death in extreme cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but life-threatening; typically occurs in patients with untreated or poorly managed hyperthyroidism.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goiter, thyroid surgery, infection, trauma, pregnancy, discontinuation of antithyroid drugs, or iodine contrast administration.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
High mortality rate (up to 20-30%) if untreated; early and aggressive treatment significantly improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Heart failure, arrhythmias (e.g., atrial fibrillation), shock, multi-organ failure, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, particularly in patients with malignancy or hyperparathyroidism.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, excessive calcium/vitamin D intake, and prolonged immobility.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with proper treatment; severe hypercalcemia can lead to renal failure or cardiac arrest.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, arrhythmias, and neuropsychiatric disturbances.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an incidence of approximately 1–2 cases per 100,000 population annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Prolonged tampon use, post-surgical infections, open wounds, childbirth, or nasal packing.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; however, untreated cases can be fatal.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Shock, organ failure, amputations due to necrosis, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Acetaminophen toxicity is one of the most common causes of drug overdoses globally and a leading cause of acute liver failure in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic acetaminophen use, concurrent alcohol consumption, pre-existing liver disease, and taking higher-than-recommended doses.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; delayed treatment increases the risk of liver failure, necessitating a liver transplant.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute liver failure, metabolic acidosis, encephalopathy, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated 5.4 million bites occur worldwide annually, with approximately 2.7 million envenomations and 81,000–138,000 deaths.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Outdoor activities in snake habitats, lack of protective footwear, delayed medical care, and inadequate access to antivenom.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly with appropriate antivenom; delayed treatment increases the risk of permanent damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Tissue necrosis, compartment syndrome, coagulopathy, renal failure, and systemic shock.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in approximately 50% of individuals with chronic alcohol use disorder who suddenly stop drinking. Severe forms (delirium tremens) occur in about 5%.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic alcohol use, history of withdrawal seizures, concurrent illness, electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With treatment, symptoms resolve within a few days; untreated severe withdrawal can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, delirium tremens, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, arrhythmias, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among young children (due to foreign object ingestion) and adults with esophageal disorders such as strictures or motility issues.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age (young children and elderly), neurological disorders, dental issues, alcohol intoxication, and eating too quickly.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly; delayed intervention can result in perforation, infection, or permanent damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Perforation, infection (mediastinitis or peritonitis), aspiration pneumonia, esophageal stricture formation, or death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, occurring in approximately 1–2% of patients with untreated or poorly managed hyperthyroidism.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Untreated hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, recent surgery, infection, pregnancy, or iodine exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
High mortality if untreated (up to 30%); prognosis improves significantly with prompt treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Heart failure, arrhythmias, multiple organ failure, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common than primary adrenal insufficiency; often associated with prolonged corticosteroid use or pituitary dysfunction. Exact prevalence is unclear but estimated to be higher than Addison's disease.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Long-term corticosteroid use, pituitary tumors, traumatic brain injury, or radiation therapy to the brain.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally favorable with treatment, but adrenal crises may occur during stress or illness if glucocorticoid dosing is not increased.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis, persistent fatigue, hypoglycemia, and dependence on hormone replacement therapy.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in hospitalized patients (up to 10%–20%) and in individuals with chronic illnesses.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohn’s disease), diuretics, proton pump inhibitors, and diabetes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with timely diagnosis and treatment, but prolonged or severe cases can lead to significant complications if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, muscle paralysis, and refractory hypocalcemia or hypokalemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common worldwide; chronic gastritis is prevalent in up to 50% of the global population, with higher rates in developing countries due to H. pylori.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic H. pylori infection, long-term NSAID use, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, stress, autoimmune conditions, older age.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate treatment; acute cases often resolve quickly, while chronic cases require ongoing management to prevent complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peptic ulcers, gastric bleeding, anemia, increased risk of gastric cancer (especially in chronic cases linked to H. pylori).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Gastric ulcers affect approximately 5-10% of the global population during their lifetime, with higher rates in individuals over 60 years of age.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, chronic NSAID use, smoking, alcohol consumption, high-stress levels, and a family history of peptic ulcers.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With appropriate treatment, most gastric ulcers heal within 6-8 weeks. Eradicating H. pylori significantly reduces the recurrence rate.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bleeding, perforation of the stomach wall, penetration into adjacent organs, gastric outlet obstruction, and increased risk of stomach cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
One of the most common types of stomach cancer, with higher rates in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, smoking, high salt intake, diet low in fruits and vegetables, chronic gastritis, family history of gastric cancer, genetic syndromes (e.g., Lynch syndrome).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis; early detection improves survival rates significantly, but advanced cases have poorer outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Metastasis to other organs (liver, lungs, peritoneum), gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, and malnutrition.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Represents less than 5% of all stomach cancers, with a higher prevalence in individuals with chronic H. pylori infection.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, autoimmune disorders, immunosuppression, and family history of lymphoma.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies by type and stage; early-stage cases have a good prognosis, particularly with H. pylori eradication, while advanced cases depend on response to chemotherapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, perforation, and spread to lymph nodes or other organs.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare; incidence is not well-documented.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Unknown, though some cases are linked to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children or H. pylori infection in adults.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; some cases resolve spontaneously, while others progress and require surgical intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe protein loss leading to hypoalbuminemia, gastric adenocarcinoma, malnutrition, and fluid retention (edema).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, accounting for approximately 3-5% of gastrointestinal cancers and less than 1% of all cancers.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of gastrointestinal cancers, genetic syndromes (e.g., Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis), chronic inflammation (e.g., Crohn’s disease), and diet high in red or processed meat.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies by stage; localized tumors have a better prognosis (5-year survival rate ~65%), while advanced/metastatic disease has a poor prognosis (~10-20% 5-year survival).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal obstruction, perforation, metastasis to the liver or lymph nodes, and paraneoplastic syndromes.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects millions globally; Hepatitis B and C are the most common chronic forms, with over 250 million and 70 million people affected worldwide, respectively.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Unprotected sex, intravenous drug use, sharing needles, blood transfusions, close contact with infected individuals, and poor sanitation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Acute hepatitis often resolves with supportive care, but chronic hepatitis (especially B and C) can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 100,000; more common in patients with underlying hypercoagulable conditions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hypercoagulable states (e.g., protein C or S deficiency, antiphospholipid syndrome), polycythemia vera, myeloproliferative disorders, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, and liver tumors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable, depending on the extent of liver damage and the success of treatment. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes, but severe or untreated cases may lead to liver failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Liver failure, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and death in advanced or untreated cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among individuals with gallstones; prevalence increases with age and in women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Gallstones, obesity, older age, female gender, and prior episodes of biliary colic.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with treatment; untreated cases can lead to severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Gallbladder rupture, sepsis, emphysematous cholecystitis, and biliary peritonitis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 10-20% of individuals with gallstones develop bile duct stones.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of gallstones, older age, obesity, rapid weight loss, female sex, family history.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; recurrence may occur without addressing risk factors.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cholangitis, pancreatitis, bile duct strictures, liver abscesses.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Most common in adults with gallstones, accounting for 35–40% of acute pancreatitis cases in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Gallstones, obesity, female sex, older age, rapid weight loss, high-fat diet.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; recurrence is prevented with gallstone removal. Mortality risk increases with severe or untreated cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pancreatic necrosis, infection, pseudocysts, organ failure, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Accounts for approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers; globally, it is the 7th leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Smoking; chronic pancreatitis; family history of pancreatic cancer; obesity; type 2 diabetes; genetic syndromes such as BRCA mutations or Lynch syndrome

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor prognosis; the 5-year survival rate is approximately 10%, with earlier detection improving outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Obstruction of the bile duct or intestines; diabetes; malnutrition; metastasis to the liver or peritoneum; pain requiring intensive palliative care

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of chronic pancreatitis cases; higher prevalence in families with known mutations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Positive family history, specific genetic mutations (e.g., PRSS1 mutation).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; depends on frequency and severity of episodes. Higher risk of developing diabetes and pancreatic cancer over time.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, pancreatic cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated prevalence of fewer than 1 in 100,000 individuals; can occur as a primary (idiopathic) condition or secondary to systemic diseases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic predispositions, underlying conditions like scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, neurological disorders, or prior abdominal surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Chronic and often progressive; prognosis depends on the underlying cause and response to treatment. Early intervention with nutritional support can improve outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe malnutrition, intestinal perforation, bacterial overgrowth, sepsis, and dependency on parenteral nutrition in advanced cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1-10 per 100,000 people, more common in women and certain ethnic groups.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Female gender, autoimmune conditions, genetic predisposition, and certain infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Relapsing disease with potential for severe disability if untreated; early treatment improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Permanent vision loss, spinal cord damage, and secondary infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 15% of the global population, with higher prevalence in females.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation), stress, certain foods, dehydration, lack of sleep, sensory triggers.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Chronic condition with varying frequency and severity; managed effectively in most cases with treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased risk of stroke, medication overuse headache, depression, and anxiety.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Varies globally; bacterial meningitis is more common in low-income regions, while viral meningitis is more frequent in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, weakened immune system, head injury, neurosurgical procedures, certain geographic areas (e.g., meningitis belt in Sub-Saharan Africa).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening if untreated but has good outcomes with prompt treatment. Viral meningitis usually resolves without long-term effects. Fungal meningitis has a more guarded prognosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Brain damage, hearing loss, seizures, hydrocephalus, septic shock, death (especially in untreated bacterial cases).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries; affects millions globally, particularly in regions with poor sanitation.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of undercooked pork, poor sanitation, close contact with infected individuals, and living in endemic areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with treatment in uncomplicated cases; long-term anticonvulsant therapy may be required for seizure control.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic epilepsy, hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension, and neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, accounting for 2-3% of all primary brain tumors; more common in children than adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic syndromes (e.g., Neurofibromatosis Type 2), exposure to ionizing radiation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis varies by grade and resectability; 5-year survival rates for Grade II are 50-70%, while higher-grade tumors have poorer outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hydrocephalus, neurological deficits, tumor recurrence, metastatic spread in the CNS.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
About 2.8 million emergency department visits for TBI in the U.S. annually; common in all age groups, particularly young adults and the elderly.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Falls, vehicle accidents, sports injuries, physical violence, military combat exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies widely; mild TBIs often resolve fully, while severe TBIs may result in long-term disabilities or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, infections, hydrocephalus, cognitive or emotional impairments, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common than subdural hematomas but more frequently observed in younger patients with head trauma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Skull fractures, head trauma, high-impact injuries, and anticoagulant therapy.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly; untreated cases can lead to brain herniation and death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation, permanent neurological deficits, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated at 1 in 40,000 live births.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Inherited mitochondrial or nuclear gene mutations.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor; most patients do not survive beyond childhood.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, severe neurological decline, and organ dysfunction.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1-3% of children; often outgrown by adolescence.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of allergies, eczema, or asthma; early exposure to cow's milk proteins.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good for most children as they often outgrow it; lifelong management needed for persistent cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anaphylaxis, nutritional deficiencies if not replaced properly, social challenges.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 0.2-1% of children and adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of allergies, atopic conditions, prior allergic reactions to wheat.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Many children outgrow it by age 12; adults may need lifelong management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anaphylaxis, misdiagnosis with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, limited dietary options.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated at 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of HAE (autosomal dominant inheritance), stress, trauma, infections, hormonal changes, certain medications (e.g., ACE inhibitors).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With proper management, most patients can lead normal lives; untreated cases may result in life-threatening airway obstruction.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Potentially fatal laryngeal edema, psychological distress due to unpredictable swelling episodes, reduced quality of life, and delays in diagnosis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in patients with blunt abdominal trauma; occurs in approximately 15-20% of such cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Motor vehicle collisions, falls from significant heights, sports injuries, or assaults involving blunt force to the abdomen.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable in minor cases with proper treatment; severe lacerations carry a higher risk of mortality due to hemorrhage or associated injuries.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hemorrhagic shock, bile leakage, peritonitis, abscess formation, sepsis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, occurring in less than 5% of blunt abdominal trauma cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Blunt force trauma from vehicle collisions, bicycle handlebars, or direct abdominal impacts.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; minor injuries have good outcomes, but severe injuries can result in significant morbidity.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pancreatic fistula, abscess formation, pseudocyst, diabetes mellitus, sepsis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but associated with significant blunt trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents) or extreme gastric distension (e.g., binge eating with vomiting).

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Blunt abdominal trauma, excessive gastric distension, gastric ulcers, ingestion of corrosive substances, or prior gastric surgeries.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt surgical treatment, survival is high; delays increase risk of sepsis and death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peritonitis, sepsis, hemorrhage, abscess formation, and multi-organ failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in hospitalized patients, particularly those in critical care settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic kidney disease, diabetes (ketoacidosis), sepsis, and diarrhea.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Dependent on the underlying cause; prompt treatment generally leads to a favorable outcome.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cardiac arrhythmias, shock, and multiorgan failure if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in approximately 0.5-0.9% of pregnancies, often associated with severe preeclampsia.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, obesity, pre-existing hypertension, or autoimmune disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with prompt delivery and management; however, maternal and fetal morbidity or mortality risk is higher without early intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), liver rupture, kidney failure, stroke, placental abruption, preterm delivery, or maternal and fetal death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; approximately 12,000 cases diagnosed annually in the United States, with higher prevalence in South America and Southeast Asia.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Gallstones, chronic cholecystitis, obesity, older age, female gender, and a history of bile duct abnormalities.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the stage at diagnosis; 5-year survival is about 65% for localized cancer but less than 10% for advanced stages.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Biliary obstruction, liver metastasis, and malnutrition.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Accounts for 20% of all brain tumors in children, with around 350 cases annually in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic conditions (e.g., Gorlin syndrome), prior radiation exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Survival rate is about 70% for localized cases, but much lower for metastatic disease.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological impairments, growth problems, cognitive and motor deficits, secondary cancers due to radiation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Peritoneal mesothelioma is extremely rare, accounting for approximately 10-20% of all mesothelioma cases. The overall incidence is low, with an estimated 300-500 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
The primary risk factor is exposure to asbestos, particularly in occupations like construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing. Other risk factors include genetic mutations and a history of prior radiation exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis for peritoneal mesothelioma is poor, with a median survival rate of 12-24 months, depending on the stage at diagnosis. Patients who undergo cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC may have improved outcomes, but survival is still limited.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Complications include bowel obstruction, ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), malnutrition, and metastasis to other parts of the body, particularly the lungs. The treatment itself can also cause side effects like fatigue, nausea, and immune suppression.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in patients with small cell lung cancer, as well as other malignancies like head and neck cancers.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Small cell lung cancer, brain tumors, and medications such as cyclophosphamide or vincristine.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the underlying malignancy and successful management of fluid imbalances.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
If untreated, SIADH can lead to severe hyponatremia, seizures, and coma.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals; more common in women than men.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Female sex, hormonal fluctuations, certain medications (e.g., barbiturates, sulfa drugs), fasting, alcohol consumption.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With proper management, acute attacks are treatable; however, untreated attacks can lead to complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Permanent neurological damage, chronic pain, liver cancer (in rare cases).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 1,000,000.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, hormonal changes, fasting, certain medications (e.g., sulfonamides).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Treatable; acute episodes can be effectively managed.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological damage, chronic pain, photosensitivity-related skin damage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1 in 185,000 newborns worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consanguinity, family history of MSUD, genetic inheritance in an autosomal recessive pattern.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with early diagnosis and strict metabolic control; without treatment, severe neurologic damage or death can occur.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intellectual disability, neurological crises, coma, metabolic acidosis, and death in untreated cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1 in 35,000 live births.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, X-linked or autosomal recessive inheritance patterns.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early intervention and metabolic control; severe cases may require liver transplantation.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intellectual disability, seizures, coma, and death due to hyperammonemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common due to decreased aspirin use in children but still a concern in adults and intentional overdoses.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Intentional overdose, chronic use, impaired kidney function, or co-ingestion with other medications.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; severe cases can result in multi-organ failure and death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, seizures, and renal failure.