Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, with millions of cases annually; can be acute or chronic.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Allergies, smoking, nasal polyps, previous respiratory infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Usually resolves in a few weeks with appropriate treatment; chronic cases may require long-term management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic sinusitis, orbital cellulitis, brain abscess (rare).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in adolescents and young adults; about 90% of adults are infected with EBV by adulthood.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, sharing drinks or utensils.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent; symptoms resolve in 2–4 weeks, though fatigue may persist.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Spleen rupture, secondary infections, prolonged fatigue.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1-2 in 1,000 live births, with a higher prevalence in older adults with normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Congenital brain malformations, premature birth, brain infections, traumatic brain injury, intraventricular hemorrhage.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; with timely treatment, many patients have good outcomes, but delays or complications can result in significant morbidity.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Infection or malfunction of the shunt, over-drainage of CSF, developmental delays, persistent neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Eradicated in many countries due to vaccination but still present in some regions (e.g., Afghanistan and Pakistan).

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lack of vaccination, poor sanitation, and travel to areas with active transmission.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good for non-paralytic cases, but paralysis can result in lifelong disability or death if respiratory muscles are affected.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
paralysis; post-polio syndrome (late complications); respiratory failure; death

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
5–10 cases per 100,000 annually worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, travel to endemic areas, mosquito or tick bites, young or elderly age.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; early treatment improves outcomes, but neurological sequelae may persist in severe cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction, seizures, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
A leading cause of poisoning-related deaths worldwide, with an estimated 50,000 emergency department visits annually in the U.S.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poorly ventilated spaces, faulty heating systems, exposure to fires, and use of charcoal or gas grills indoors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment; delayed or severe exposure may lead to long-term neurological complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological sequelae (e.g., memory loss, difficulty concentrating), myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects 2-8% of pregnancies globally, more common in first-time pregnancies.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
First pregnancy, history of preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies (twins or more), obesity, pre-existing hypertension or diabetes, maternal age <20 or >35, and certain genetic factors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With timely treatment, outcomes are generally good; however, severe cases can lead to long-term health issues for both mother and baby.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Eclampsia (seizures), HELLP syndrome, liver or kidney failure, placental abruption, preterm delivery, maternal or fetal death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 200 per 100,000 people aged over 50; more common in women and people of Northern European descent.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age >50 years; female sex; genetic predisposition (HLA-DR4); Northern European ancestry

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; untreated cases risk permanent vision loss or aortic aneurysm.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Permanent vision loss; aortic aneurysm; stroke; vascular stenosis

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in developed countries due to effective treatment of otitis media; more common in regions with limited access to healthcare.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Untreated or recurrent otitis media, immunosuppression, poor access to healthcare, and chronic ear infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; complications are rare if treated early. Delay in treatment can lead to life-threatening complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Brain abscess, meningitis, hearing loss, venous sinus thrombosis, and facial nerve paralysis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Viral sinusitis is common, with most individuals experiencing it at least once in their lifetime, especially during cold and flu season.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Upper respiratory viral infections, smoking, allergies, and anatomical nasal blockages.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally resolves on its own within 7-10 days; however, symptoms can linger. Complications are rare unless bacterial sinusitis develops.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Can lead to bacterial superinfection, chronic sinusitis, or ear infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, especially in children and young adults. EBV is the cause of infectious mononucleosis, which affects approximately 1 in 4 young adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Close contact with infected individuals, weakened immune system, age (most common in children and young adults).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good; viral pharyngitis resolves within a week or two. EBV-related mononucleosis can last longer but usually improves with supportive care.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Rare but can include secondary bacterial infections, such as a streptococcal infection, and complications from EBV, such as splenomegaly or hepatitis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic to arid regions; affects tens of thousands annually in the U.S., particularly in Arizona and California.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Living in or traveling to endemic areas, occupational exposure to dust, pregnancy, and immune suppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good for acute cases; chronic or disseminated infections may require long-term treatment and carry a risk of complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pulmonary disease, disseminated infection affecting bones, skin, or meninges, and severe respiratory distress.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects populations globally; widespread outbreaks occurred in 2020-2021 with continued endemic cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, obesity, chronic medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease, COPD), immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Highly variable; mild cases recover in 1-2 weeks, while severe cases can lead to long-term complications or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), blood clots, multi-organ failure, "long COVID" (persistent symptoms).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and severe asthma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, neuromuscular disorders, severe asthma, and drug overdose.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the underlying condition; with appropriate treatment, many patients can recover, although severe cases may have poor outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory acidosis, pulmonary hypertension, organ failure, and long-term respiratory impairment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects 0.1-0.5% of the population; some cases are familial.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic mutations, particularly in familial cases.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; good with appropriate treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Progressive neurological deficits, recurrent hemorrhage, and seizures.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; estimated annual incidence is 0.4-0.8 per 100,000 people, more common in children than adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Recent viral or bacterial infections, recent vaccination, genetic predisposition, or underlying autoimmune disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good in most cases; symptoms often resolve with treatment, although some individuals may experience residual neurological deficits.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological impairment, recurrence (though rare), or progression to conditions like multiple sclerosis in some cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Herpes simplex encephalitis occurs in approximately 1 in 250,000 to 500,000 people annually. Prevalence varies for other causes.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunocompromised state, travel to areas with endemic arboviruses, exposure to infected individuals, autoimmune diseases.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early treatment (especially for HSV) significantly improves outcomes. Delayed treatment can lead to permanent neurological damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological deficits (e.g., memory impairment, seizures, cognitive dysfunction), coma, death (if untreated).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Leading cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries; affects millions globally, particularly in regions with poor sanitation.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of undercooked pork, poor sanitation, close contact with infected individuals, and living in endemic areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with treatment in uncomplicated cases; long-term anticonvulsant therapy may be required for seizure control.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic epilepsy, hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension, and neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
About 2.8 million emergency department visits for TBI in the U.S. annually; common in all age groups, particularly young adults and the elderly.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Falls, vehicle accidents, sports injuries, physical violence, military combat exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies widely; mild TBIs often resolve fully, while severe TBIs may result in long-term disabilities or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Seizures, infections, hydrocephalus, cognitive or emotional impairments, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common than subdural hematomas but more frequently observed in younger patients with head trauma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Skull fractures, head trauma, high-impact injuries, and anticoagulant therapy.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly; untreated cases can lead to brain herniation and death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation, permanent neurological deficits, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Shingles affects about 1 in 3 people in their lifetime. The risk increases with age, particularly after 50.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Aging (older adults are at higher risk), weakened immune system (due to conditions like HIV, cancer treatments, or immunosuppressive medications), having had chickenpox (varicella) earlier in life.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The rash usually resolves within 2-4 weeks. However, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a complication involving long-term nerve pain, can persist for months or even years, especially in older adults.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), vision loss (if the eye is affected), bacterial skin infections, neurological complications such as encephalitis, and facial paralysis (Ramsay Hunt syndrome).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Concussions are common, especially in sports and high-risk activities. It is estimated that there are about 3 million concussions in the U.S. each year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Participation in contact sports (e.g., football, hockey), history of prior concussions, age (children and adolescents are more vulnerable), lack of protective equipment.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most people recover fully within a few weeks. However, some may experience persistent symptoms (post-concussion syndrome) that last for months.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
In rare cases, concussions can lead to long-term complications, such as post-concussion syndrome (persistent symptoms), second-impact syndrome (a potentially fatal condition where the brain swells after a second concussion before the first has healed), or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which can result from repeated concussions.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Depressed skull fractures are less common than linear fractures but are more severe and are often associated with high-energy trauma such as falls or assaults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Risk factors include high-impact head trauma, including motor vehicle accidents, physical altercations, or sports injuries.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis depends on the severity of the brain injury. With prompt treatment, patients can recover, though there may be lasting neurological effects depending on the extent of the injury.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Complications can include brain hemorrhage, infection, long-term neurological deficits, and seizures.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Subdural hematomas are common among elderly individuals who experience falls, with an estimated 10-30% of older adults with a head injury developing a subdural hematoma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Risk factors include advanced age, use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, history of alcohol use, and prior brain injuries. A higher frequency of falls in the elderly also increases the risk.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis depends on the severity and size of the hematoma, as well as the speed of intervention. With prompt treatment, many individuals can recover, but severe cases can result in permanent neurological deficits or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Complications include long-term cognitive impairments, neurological deficits, seizures, and in some cases, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in patients with chronic lung disease and renal dysfunction.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal failure, and neuromuscular disorders.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Dependent on the reversibility of the underlying causes; timely intervention improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Coma, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.2–1 per 100,000 people annually. It is more common in hospitalized patients with risk factors like central venous catheters or cancer.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Central venous catheterization, head and neck infections (e.g., Lemierre’s syndrome), malignancy, trauma, hypercoagulable disorders, and intravenous drug use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally favorable with prompt treatment, although delayed diagnosis can lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism or septicemia.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pulmonary embolism, septic thrombophlebitis (Lemierre's syndrome), venous congestion, and, in rare cases, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1-2 individuals per million people annually worldwide, with higher incidence in Asia.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to toxic chemicals (e.g., benzene), radiation or chemotherapy, certain medications (e.g., chloramphenicol), viral infections (e.g., hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus), autoimmune diseases, and genetic predisposition (e.g., Fanconi anemia).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With treatment, prognosis varies. Bone marrow transplantation offers a potential cure for eligible patients. Immunosuppressive therapy is effective for many, though relapses can occur. Without treatment, severe aplastic anemia is often fatal.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Life-threatening infections, severe bleeding, iron overload from repeated transfusions, progression to myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia, and organ damage from iron overload.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1-2 per 100,000 individuals annually, typically diagnosed in older adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age > 50 years, female sex, and genetic mutations (e.g., JAK2, CALR, MPL).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally favorable with treatment; life expectancy close to normal in most cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Blood clots, bleeding, progression to myelofibrosis or acute leukemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common than primary polycythemia; varies based on prevalence of causative factors like chronic lung disease.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), high altitude, kidney tumors, sleep apnea.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if underlying cause is treatable; chronic cases require long-term management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased risk of thrombosis, stroke, or heart attack due to elevated red blood cell count.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common, particularly in poorly ventilated areas with gas heaters, car exhaust, or during fire incidents.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Indoor use of gas appliances, fires, motor vehicle exhaust, faulty heating systems.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with early treatment; delayed treatment can result in neurological sequelae or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hypoxic brain injury, delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS), arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Prevalent among agricultural workers and individuals in areas of high pesticide use.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Occupational exposure, inadequate protective equipment, and prolonged exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies based on severity and duration of exposure; long-term effects can include neurological deficits and chronic respiratory conditions.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological disorders, endocrine disruption, infertility, and cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Found in industrial settings (painting, printing, chemical production); exposure is common globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Occupational exposure, inadequate ventilation, improper handling of solvents.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies with exposure level; chronic exposure may lead to irreversible organ damage or cancer.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Leukemia (benzene exposure), kidney or liver damage, and neurological disorders.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
It is more common in warm climates, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting people who consume improperly stored or handled fish.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Consumption of poorly refrigerated or improperly stored scombroid fish species.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with prompt treatment. Symptoms often resolve within a few hours to a day.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
In severe cases, anaphylaxis may occur, requiring immediate medical attention.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Highly variable; depends on workplace safety protocols and the type of industry. Common in agriculture, manufacturing, and chemical processing industries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor industrial safety measures, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate training on chemical handling.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies widely; mild exposures resolve with treatment, but severe cases (e.g., toxic inhalation or burns) can lead to long-term health issues or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic lung disease, neurological impairment, organ damage, cancer (from long-term exposure to carcinogenic chemicals).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically associated with bioterrorism events or foodborne outbreaks.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Occupational exposure, bioterrorism incidents, consumption of contaminated food.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt supportive care; severe cases can result in complications or death if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Dehydration, respiratory failure, toxic shock syndrome.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly after heavy rainfall or flooding.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to contaminated water, working with animals, poor sanitation, recreational water activities.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; severe cases (Weil's disease) have a higher risk of mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress, and hemorrhage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare in modern times but endemic in some regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Flea exposure, handling infected animals, or residing in endemic regions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt antibiotic treatment; high mortality in untreated cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pneumonia, septicemia, and multi-organ failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in the Americas, particularly in the southeastern United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to tick-infested areas, lack of protective clothing during outdoor activities.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment; delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Multi-organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or long-term neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in regions with poor sanitation, especially South Asia, with millions of cases annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Ingesting contaminated food or water, poor sanitation, traveling to endemic areas.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt antibiotic treatment; untreated cases have high mortality rates.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal perforation, sepsis, or chronic carrier state.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare; precise prevalence is unknown but estimated at less than 1 per 1,000,000 people annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Middle-aged males, HLA-B27 positivity, and immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early treatment can lead to full recovery, but delayed diagnosis increases the risk of irreversible neurological damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cognitive impairment, seizures, motor dysfunction, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but serious, with an incidence of approximately 2–4 cases per million per year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Prior HSV infections, immunosuppression, neonates (HSV-2), and older adults.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Without treatment, mortality exceeds 70%; with prompt antiviral therapy, mortality is reduced to around 20%, though neurological sequelae are common.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Persistent neurological deficits, cognitive impairments, seizures, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare but significant; approximately 20–40% of patients with infectious endocarditis develop neurological complications.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Intravenous drug use, pre-existing heart valve disease, prosthetic heart valves, immunosuppression, poor dental hygiene.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on promptness of treatment and severity of neurological complications; early intervention improves outcomes, but severe neurological deficits may persist.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Ischemic stroke, cerebral abscess, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, persistent neurological deficits, and risk of recurrent endocarditis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in areas with high TB burden; rare in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
HIV infection, immunosuppression, close contact with TB patients, malnutrition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With early treatment, survival is possible, but delayed therapy can result in high morbidity and mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hydrocephalus, stroke, cranial nerve palsies, cognitive deficits, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Varies; common in areas with high mosquito-borne virus activity or sporadic herpes outbreaks.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, unvaccinated status, and mosquito exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on the cause and severity; early treatment improves outcomes, but severe cases may result in lasting deficits.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term neurological damage, seizures, cognitive deficits, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Found in many parts of the world, especially during mosquito season.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Outdoor activities, lack of mosquito control, immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most recover, but severe cases may result in neurological deficits or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and long-term neurological deficits in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Endemic in the southwestern U.S., northern Mexico, and parts of Central and South America; incidence rates vary but are increasing with climate change.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Residing or working in endemic areas, soil disturbance, immunosuppression, and pregnancy (third trimester).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most cases are self-limited; severe or disseminated cases have variable outcomes, with mortality up to 30% in untreated disseminated infections.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Dissemination to skin, bones, or meninges; chronic pulmonary disease; and meningitis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; more common in immunocompromised individuals or those with uncontrolled diabetes or post-COVID-19 complications.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Diabetes, immunosuppression, organ transplant, iron overload, prolonged corticosteroid use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor if not treated early; mortality rates are high due to rapid progression and complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Orbital cellulitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, intracranial involvement, systemic fungal dissemination.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Yellow fever is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and South America. Annually, it causes an estimated 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths globally, with most cases unreported.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Traveling to or living in endemic areas, lack of vaccination, and exposure to mosquito bites.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
In mild cases, recovery occurs within days to weeks without long-term effects. Severe cases with complications like liver failure or bleeding have a mortality rate of 20–50%. Survivors of severe cases typically recover fully but may require prolonged convalescence.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hepatic failure, renal failure, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi-organ failure, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Similar to empiric acute rhinosinusitis; bacterial cases occur in approximately 0.5-2% of viral sinusitis episodes.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunosuppression, incomplete resolution of prior infections, recurrent upper respiratory infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate antibiotic therapy; untreated bacterial infections may progress to complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Orbital cellulitis, abscesses, or intracranial infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1-2% of the population globally, with higher prevalence in individuals with allergies or asthma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Allergies, asthma, smoking, environmental pollutants, nasal polyps, immunodeficiency.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Often chronic but manageable with medical or surgical interventions; may require ongoing treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Orbital cellulitis, abscess formation, intracranial infections, and osteomyelitis in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in HIV patients with CD4 counts <100 cells/mm³, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced HIV, environmental exposure to cryptococcal spores, lack of ART adherence.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
High mortality if untreated; with prompt therapy, survival rates improve, though neurological sequelae may persist.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, and long-term cognitive deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in 5–10% of untreated HIV/AIDS patients.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
CD4 count less than 50 cells/micro L, untreated HIV, prior CMV infection.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Poor if untreated; significant improvement with early diagnosis and therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Permanent cognitive deficits, vision loss, or death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, primarily in rural areas of the Americas with exposure to rodent habitats.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to rodent droppings, occupational risks (e.g., farming, construction), and camping or hiking in endemic regions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Mortality rate is around 35-50%; early supportive care improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, hypotensive shock, and multi-organ failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
A leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide, particularly in children under 5 and adults over 65.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age extremes, chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, COPD), smoking, immunosuppression, and absence of vaccination.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely treatment, though severe cases can lead to complications. Mortality is higher in meningitis or bacteremia.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Empyema, sepsis, meningitis, and hearing loss in meningitis survivors.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common during viral outbreaks, such as seasonal influenza epidemics. RSV is particularly prevalent in young children and older adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Young age, advanced age, chronic diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD, heart disease), smoking, and immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most cases are mild and self-limiting. Severe cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, can lead to high mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, bacterial superinfection, ARDS, and chronic respiratory problems.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Found in areas where Ixodes ticks are prevalent, such as the northeastern and upper midwestern United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Tick exposure, asplenia, advanced age, and immunosuppression.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good for healthy individuals; severe disease in immunocompromised or splenectomized patients can be fatal without treatment.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hemolytic anemia, organ failure, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Regional variations; P. falciparum most common in Africa, P. vivax predominant outside sub-Saharan Africa.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Traveling or living in endemic areas, lack of preventive measures (e.g., bed nets, prophylaxis).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Effective treatment reduces mortality; early diagnosis critical. Untreated cases can lead to severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe malaria, organ failure, cerebral malaria, hypoglycemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs mainly in the Mediterranean region, Africa, and parts of Asia; seasonal prevalence tied to tick activity.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to tick-infested areas, outdoor activities, lack of tick prevention measures.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; untreated cases may result in severe complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe multi-organ failure, septic shock, myocarditis, and neurological symptoms in untreated cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980 and is no longer a public health threat.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lack of vaccination, close contact with infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Smallpox has been eradicated, but untreated infections historically had a high mortality rate.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Secondary bacterial infections, blindness, scarring, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Responsible for the 2009 pandemic; seasonal outbreaks continue.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Young children, elderly individuals, pregnant women, and those with chronic medical conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent in mild cases with timely treatment; severe cases can result in hospitalization or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), secondary bacterial infections, and multi-organ failure in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; exposure often occurs via infected rodents or their excreta, with occasional outbreaks in specific regions.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to rodents, handling pet hamsters, and living in environments with poor rodent control.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with supportive care; severe cases can result in neurological complications or, rarely, death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, hearing loss, and miscarriage during pregnancy.