Background

Condition Lookup

Sub-Category:

Ocular Mycoses

Number of Conditions: 2

Fungal Endophthalmitis

Specialty: Infectious Diseases

Category: Fungal Infections

Sub-category: Ocular Mycoses

Symptoms:
eye pain; decreased vision; redness; floaters; photophobia; swelling

Root Cause:
Infection of the intraocular structures by fungi, commonly Candida species or filamentous fungi following surgery, trauma, or systemic dissemination.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical examination, vitreous or aqueous fluid sampling, fungal cultures, and PCR.

Treatment:
Intravitreal or systemic antifungals, with or without vitrectomy.

Medications:
Amphotericin B (intravitreal ), voriconazole , or fluconazole for systemic infections. These drugs inhibit fungal growth or disrupt fungal membranes.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; often occurs as a complication of intraocular surgery or systemic candidiasis.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Ocular surgery, trauma, IV drug use, and systemic fungal infections.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early treatment can preserve vision, but prognosis is poor for delayed cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Vision loss, glaucoma, and retinal detachment.

Fungal Keratitis

Specialty: Infectious Diseases

Category: Fungal Infections

Sub-category: Ocular Mycoses

Symptoms:
eye pain; redness; blurred vision; photophobia; tearing; discharge

Root Cause:
Infection of the cornea by fungi, commonly Fusarium, Aspergillus, or Candida species, often following trauma or use of contact lenses.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Corneal scraping with microscopy, fungal cultures, and molecular diagnostics.

Treatment:
Topical antifungal therapy; surgical interventions like debridement or keratoplasty in severe cases.

Medications:
Natamycin (topical polyene antifungal), voriconazole (topical or systemic), or amphotericin B in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in tropical and subtropical regions; associated with agricultural injuries and contact lens use.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Corneal trauma, contact lens wear, steroid use, and tropical climates.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early treatment, though advanced cases may result in corneal scarring or vision loss.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Corneal perforation, endophthalmitis, and vision impairment.