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Sub-Category:

Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma

Sub-category: Tumors

Symptoms:
abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; unexplained weight loss; intestinal obstruction; anemia; blood in stool

Root Cause:
Uncontrolled growth of malignant epithelial cells originating in the small intestine, often due to genetic mutations or chronic inflammation.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Imaging studies (CT scans, MRI, PET scans), endoscopy, biopsy, blood tests (including tumor markers like CEA or CA19-9).

Treatment:
Surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, and in some cases, targeted therapy.

Medications:
Chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (antimetabolite), oxaliplatin (platinum-based agent), or capecitabine (oral antimetabolite). Targeted therapies like pembrolizumab (immune checkpoint inhibitor) may also be used.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, accounting for approximately 3-5% of gastrointestinal cancers and less than 1% of all cancers.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of gastrointestinal cancers, genetic syndromes (e.g., Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis), chronic inflammation (e.g., Crohn’s disease), and diet high in red or processed meat.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies by stage; localized tumors have a better prognosis (5-year survival rate ~65%), while advanced/metastatic disease has a poor prognosis (~10-20% 5-year survival).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal obstruction, perforation, metastasis to the liver or lymph nodes, and paraneoplastic syndromes.

Lymphoma of the Small Intestine

Specialty: Gastrointestinal

Category: Small Intestine Disorders

Sub-category: Tumors

Symptoms:
abdominal pain; nausea; weight loss; diarrhea; intestinal obstruction; fever; night sweats

Root Cause:
Malignant proliferation of lymphocytes in the small intestine, often associated with immune dysregulation or infections.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Endoscopic biopsy, imaging (CT scans, PET scans), blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and immunophenotyping.

Treatment:
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy; surgery may be required in some cases of localized disease.

Medications:
Chemotherapy agents like CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , prednisone ), and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab (anti-CD20 agent).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; accounts for 1-4% of gastrointestinal malignancies and 30-40% of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV/AIDS, post-transplant), chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., celiac disease), and infections (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on subtype and stage; indolent types have a good prognosis (5-year survival rate ~80%), while aggressive types have lower survival rates (~30-50%).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal perforation, obstruction, bleeding, malabsorption, and systemic spread to other lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues.