Condition Lookup

Start typing to search for a specific condition, or select a specialty to see all of its conditions

Sub-Category:

Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Number of Conditions: 1

NSAIDs, Aminoglycosides, Cisplatin, etc.

Specialty: Nephrology

Category: Other Renal-Associated Conditions

Sub-category: Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Symptoms:
decreased urine output; swelling (edema); fatigue; nausea; shortness of breath; elevated blood pressure

Root Cause:
These medications can cause direct injury to renal tubular cells, disrupt glomerular filtration, or induce interstitial inflammation. Mechanisms include oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, and impaired renal perfusion.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Diagnosis involves patient history (exposure to nephrotoxic drugs), lab tests (elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels), urine analysis (proteinuria, hematuria), and imaging studies (ultrasound to assess kidney structure).

Treatment:
Discontinuation of the offending drug, supportive care, and measures to enhance renal recovery (hydration, electrolyte balance). In severe cases, dialysis may be required.

Medications:
Treatment includes medications like N-acetylcysteine (antioxidant used to mitigate cisplatin-induced toxicity), diuretics (loop diuretics like furosemide for volume control), and electrolyte supplements for disturbances. Medications to manage complications like antihypertensives may also be prescribed.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is reported in approximately 10-25% of hospitalized patients exposed to nephrotoxic agents.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Pre-existing renal impairment; Advanced age; Concurrent use of multiple nephrotoxic drugs; Dehydration; Diabetes; Hypertension

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis varies depending on the extent of kidney damage and timely intervention. Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by drugs is often reversible, but delayed treatment can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Progression to chronic kidney disease; Electrolyte imbalances; Fluid overload; Increased risk of cardiovascular events; Need for long-term dialysis in severe cases