Condition Lookup
Sub-Category:
Drug-Induced Toxicity
Number of Conditions: 3
Chemotherapy-related toxicity (e.g., cisplatin, doxorubicin)
Specialty: Toxicology
Category: Adverse Effects of Therapeutics and Medical Agents
Sub-category: Drug-Induced Toxicity
Symptoms:
nausea; vomiting; fatigue; anemia; peripheral neuropathy; hearing loss (ototoxicity); cardiotoxicity; renal dysfunction
Root Cause:
Chemotherapy agents damage both cancerous and healthy cells, leading to systemic toxicity. Cisplatin causes renal and ototoxicity, while doxorubicin is known for cardiotoxicity.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests (renal function, cardiac markers), audiometry (for hearing loss), and imaging studies (e.g., echocardiogram for cardiotoxicity).
Treatment:
Symptomatic management, dose adjustment or discontinuation of the chemotherapy agent, and supportive measures like hydration for renal protection or use of cardioprotective agents.
Medications:
Medications to mitigate toxicity include amifostine (cytoprotective agent), dexrazoxane (cardioprotective for doxorubicin ), antiemetics like ondansetron , and growth factors like filgrastim to manage neutropenia.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common among patients undergoing chemotherapy; up to 90% may experience some degree of toxicity.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
High cumulative dose, pre-existing kidney or heart conditions, older age, and genetic predisposition.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable depending on severity; early recognition and management improve outcomes. Some toxicities may be irreversible, such as hearing loss or chronic heart failure.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic kidney disease, heart failure, irreversible neuropathy, or secondary malignancies.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) toxicity
Specialty: Toxicology
Category: Adverse Effects of Therapeutics and Medical Agents
Sub-category: Drug-Induced Toxicity
Symptoms:
gastric pain; nausea; vomiting; gastrointestinal bleeding; acute kidney injury; hyperkalemia
Root Cause:
NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which compromises gastric mucosal protection, renal perfusion, and platelet aggregation.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical history, laboratory tests (renal function, electrolytes), stool tests for occult blood, and imaging for gastrointestinal perforations.
Treatment:
Discontinuation of NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) for gastric protection, IV fluids for renal support, and treatment of complications like anemia or bleeding.
Medications:
Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole ), misoprostol (for gastric mucosal protection), or activated charcoal (in acute overdose).
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common; NSAID-related adverse effects are seen in up to 25% of chronic users.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Long-term use, high doses, older age, concurrent anticoagulant or corticosteroid use, and pre-existing kidney or gastrointestinal conditions.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early management; severe complications like GI perforation or kidney failure can be life-threatening.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal perforation, chronic kidney disease, or cardiovascular events.
Anticoagulant poisoning (e.g., warfarin, heparin overdose)
Specialty: Toxicology
Category: Adverse Effects of Therapeutics and Medical Agents
Sub-category: Drug-Induced Toxicity
Symptoms:
excessive bleeding; bruising; hematuria; melena; intracranial hemorrhage in severe cases
Root Cause:
Over-anticoagulation due to excessive drug dosage or interactions, impairing the coagulation cascade and increasing bleeding risk.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical evaluation, coagulation tests (INR for warfarin, aPTT for heparin), and imaging for suspected internal bleeding.
Treatment:
Discontinuation of the anticoagulant, administration of reversal agents (e.g., vitamin K for warfarin, protamine sulfate for heparin), and supportive measures like blood transfusions.
Medications:
Vitamin K (phytonadione ) for warfarin reversal, protamine sulfate for heparin reversal, and andexanet alfa for factor Xa inhibitors.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Anticoagulant-related adverse events occur in 2-5% of patients annually.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Advanced age, drug interactions, comorbidities like liver disease, and poor adherence to monitoring protocols.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable with prompt intervention; severe cases can result in fatal bleeding or long-term disability.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intracranial hemorrhage, hypovolemic shock, and death.