Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 6–8% of children and 2–3% of adults globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, other allergies (e.g., asthma, eczema), early exposure to allergens.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with strict avoidance; children may outgrow some allergies.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anaphylaxis, nutritional deficiencies if dietary restrictions are poorly managed.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 780,000 people in the United States; incidence is rising globally, especially in developed nations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, smoking, urban lifestyle, Western diet, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and younger age (typically diagnosed between 15-30 years).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Chronic condition with variable severity; periods of remission and exacerbation; not curable but manageable; surgery is often needed in severe cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bowel obstruction, fistulas, abscesses, malnutrition, increased risk of colorectal cancer, osteoporosis, and extraintestinal manifestations like skin disorders and joint inflammation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Hepatitis A and B

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor hygiene (Hepatitis A), unvaccinated status (Hepatitis B), needle sharing (Hepatitis C), genetic predisposition (Autoimmune Hepatitis).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Hepatitis A

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 people globally.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Autoimmune conditions (e.g., autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome), family history, infections (e.g., tuberculosis), adrenal gland damage due to trauma or surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With appropriate treatment, patients can lead normal lives; however, untreated adrenal insufficiency can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis (acute life-threatening condition), electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia, and increased susceptibility to stress-related illnesses.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Food allergies affect about 8% of children, with some studies showing a growing trend in allergic reactions, especially to peanuts, eggs, milk, and shellfish.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of allergies, other allergic conditions (e.g., eczema or allergic rhinitis), early exposure to allergens, and living in urban areas with less exposure to diverse environmental microbes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Many children outgrow food allergies as they age, though some food allergies (e.g., peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish) tend to persist into adulthood.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Anaphylaxis, which can be fatal if untreated, chronic allergic reactions leading to eczema or other skin conditions, and the psychological impact of living with food restrictions.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 3–5% of children annually; more common in girls than boys after the neonatal period.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Female anatomy, improper wiping, constipation, urinary stasis, previous UTI, and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with timely treatment; most children recover completely without complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
If untreated, can lead to kidney infection (pyelonephritis), sepsis, or long-term kidney damage such as scarring.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in severe trauma cases and certain medical conditions (e.g., aortic aneurysm rupture).

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
High-impact trauma, anticoagulant therapy, and coagulopathies.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on the source and volume of bleeding; timely treatment is crucial.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hemorrhagic shock, organ failure, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 50-150 cases per 100,000 people annually; more common in older adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis, anticoagulant or antiplatelet use, smoking.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies depending on the cause and severity; high success rate with early intervention but increased mortality in severe cases or with comorbidities.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hypovolemic shock, rebleeding, aspiration, multiorgan failure, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Most common in males aged 12–18 but can occur at any age, including neonates.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Bell-clapper deformity, trauma, or sudden testicular movement.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent if treated within 6 hours; testicular viability decreases significantly after 12 hours.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Testicular necrosis, infertility, and psychological distress.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Exact prevalence unknown; bites are more common in specific geographic areas where these spiders are endemic.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Working in or near woodpiles, attics, or basements; outdoor activities; handling debris.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Typically good with prompt treatment; severe complications are rare but may include long-term tissue damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Systemic toxicity (black widow), extensive necrosis (brown recluse), secondary infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; affects about 1-2 women per 1,000,000 annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic predisposition, specifically in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Progressive with variable severity; lung transplantation may be necessary in advanced cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pneumothorax, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, and renal tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; approximately 1 in 100,000 people are affected, with equal distribution across genders.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome), infections (e.g., tuberculosis), adrenal hemorrhage, or genetic predisposition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With proper treatment, individuals can live normal lives, but they must manage the risk of adrenal crises, especially during stress or illness.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Adrenal crisis (life-threatening), severe hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, and hypoglycemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare, with an incidence of 1–2 cases per million annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and MEN1; family history of adrenal cancers; and certain environmental exposures.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; early-stage tumors have a better prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50–60%. Advanced-stage adrenal carcinoma has a much poorer prognosis.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Metastasis to other organs (lungs, liver, or bones), severe hormonal imbalances, and recurrence after treatment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1 in 30,000 individuals worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of MEN1 syndrome, autosomal dominant inheritance.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with early detection and treatment, though tumor recurrence is possible; life expectancy may be reduced without management.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Recurrent or metastatic tumors. Severe hypercalcemia leading to kidney damage. Hormonal crises, such as insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 0.2% of the general population; higher prevalence among individuals with diabetes or post-surgical complications.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Diabetes mellitus, prior gastric surgery, systemic diseases like scleroderma, infections, and certain medications (e.g., opioids, anticholinergics).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; many cases improve with dietary changes and medications, but severe cases may lead to malnutrition and require surgical interventions.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Malnutrition, dehydration, bezoars (hardened masses of undigested food), and severe weight loss.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Relatively rare, accounting for less than 1% of gastrointestinal cancers, with a higher incidence in adults over 50.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of GISTs, genetic mutations, age over 50, and association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent prognosis for localized GISTs treated surgically; variable outcomes for advanced cases depending on response to TKI therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Tumor rupture, peritoneal spread, liver metastases, and gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; occurs in approximately 1–3 individuals per million annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), family history of endocrine tumors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; curable if localized gastrinoma is surgically removed, but prognosis worsens with metastatic disease.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Peptic ulcers, perforation of the stomach or intestines, gastrointestinal bleeding, severe diarrhea, and malnutrition.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Exact prevalence is unknown but more common in individuals with conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diabetes, or previous gastrointestinal surgery.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Conditions that impair small intestinal motility (e.g., scleroderma, diabetes), anatomical abnormalities (e.g., diverticula), or previous surgery (e.g., gastric bypass).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate treatment; relapses are common if the underlying condition isn’t addressed.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic malnutrition, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, K), osteoporosis, and small intestine damage if left untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, affecting approximately 1–3 cases per million people annually, typically seen in middle-aged Caucasian males.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Unknown; may include genetic predisposition or environmental exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated early; without treatment, the disease is usually fatal. Relapses are possible and require monitoring.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Systemic involvement affecting the heart (endocarditis), central nervous system, and joints, potentially leading to life-threatening outcomes if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Carcinoid tumors are rare, accounting for about 0.5% of all cancers, but the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors is rising, with an estimated prevalence of 2-5 cases per 100,000 people per year.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Risk factors include age (more common in older adults), a family history of neuroendocrine tumors, certain inherited genetic syndromes (such as MEN1 and von Hippel-Lindau syndrome), and conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract like Crohn's disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis depends on the location and spread of the tumor. Localized tumors have a relatively good prognosis with surgery, but metastatic or advanced cases can be more challenging to treat. The 5-year survival rate for localized carcinoid tumors is around 80%, while it drops significantly with distant metastases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Potential complications include carcinoid syndrome (which leads to flushing, diarrhea, and heart valve problems), liver metastasis, and malnutrition due to nutrient malabsorption from the gastrointestinal symptoms.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Infectious colitis is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide, with bacterial pathogens accounting for 85% of foodborne outbreaks in developed countries.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Contaminated food or water, international travel, poor hygiene, immunosuppression, and exposure to infected individuals.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Most cases resolve within days to weeks with appropriate treatment, but severe infections can lead to prolonged illness or death, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS, associated with E. coli O157:H7), chronic post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, and intestinal perforation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Alcoholic hepatitis is most common in individuals with a history of chronic alcohol use, with a prevalence of approximately 1–2% of heavy drinkers annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic heavy alcohol consumption, malnutrition, genetic predisposition, female gender (higher susceptibility), obesity, and prior liver disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies with severity; mild cases may recover with alcohol cessation, while severe cases have a high mortality rate without intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and increased risk of infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1 in 200-500 individuals of Northern European descent; more common in men than women.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, genetic mutations (e.g., HFE C282Y and H63D mutations), being male (symptoms often manifest earlier in men).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early diagnosis and management; untreated, it can lead to serious complications like liver cirrhosis, heart disease, and diabetes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, arthritis, hypothyroidism, and chronic fatigue.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Seen in approximately 10-20% of patients undergoing imaging for unrelated reasons; prevalence increases with age.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Acute or chronic pancreatitis, alcohol use, gallstones, abdominal trauma, family history of pancreatic cysts.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good for benign cysts; malignant potential depends on the type (e.g., intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, or IPMN, has a higher risk).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Risk of rupture, infection, hemorrhage, or transformation into pancreatic cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects 50-150 per 100,000 people annually; variceal bleeding is common in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic use of NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori infection, liver cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, coagulopathies, and high blood pressure in the portal vein.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With prompt treatment, most cases are manageable; however, recurrent bleeding and mortality are significant concerns, especially in variceal cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hypovolemic shock, recurrent bleeding, organ failure, and in variceal cases, high mortality if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated prevalence of fewer than 1 in 100,000 individuals; can occur as a primary (idiopathic) condition or secondary to systemic diseases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic predispositions, underlying conditions like scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, neurological disorders, or prior abdominal surgery.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Chronic and often progressive; prognosis depends on the underlying cause and response to treatment. Early intervention with nutritional support can improve outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe malnutrition, intestinal perforation, bacterial overgrowth, sepsis, and dependency on parenteral nutrition in advanced cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects 10-15% of people at some point in their lives, more common in those aged 55-70.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
H. pylori infection, long-term NSAID use, alcohol use, smoking, stress, and spicy foods.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With appropriate treatment, most ulcers heal within a few weeks; recurrence is common if risk factors are not managed.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, gastric cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Hepatitis C affects approximately 1-2% of the global population, with higher prevalence among older adults and those with a history of intravenous drug use.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of intravenous drug use, blood transfusions prior to 1992, needle sharing, unprotected sex, and tattoos or piercings in unsanitary conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With appropriate antiviral therapy, the infection can be cured, but chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), and portal hypertension.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1 in 2,000 individuals in the U.S.; more common in males.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Personal or family history of allergic diseases, including asthma, eczema, or food allergies.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with proper treatment, but symptoms often recur if treatment is stopped.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Esophageal strictures, food impaction, and chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated at 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of HAE (autosomal dominant inheritance), stress, trauma, infections, hormonal changes, certain medications (e.g., ACE inhibitors).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With proper management, most patients can lead normal lives; untreated cases may result in life-threatening airway obstruction.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Potentially fatal laryngeal edema, psychological distress due to unpredictable swelling episodes, reduced quality of life, and delays in diagnosis.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Exact prevalence is unknown but occurs most commonly in patients with blunt trauma, accounting for approximately 15% of abdominal injuries requiring imaging or intervention.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Blunt abdominal trauma; pelvic fractures; anticoagulant use; advanced age; vascular abnormalities (e.g., aneurysms); bleeding disorders; previous abdominal surgery

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the severity of bleeding and the speed of intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment result in a good prognosis, but severe cases with delayed management can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hemorrhagic shock; organ ischemia or failure; infection or abscess formation; compartment syndrome; death (in severe untreated cases)

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1 in 4 children will experience some form of abuse before the age of 18, and it is responsible for a significant proportion of pediatric injury hospitalizations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Factors such as domestic violence, substance abuse, mental illness in caregivers, and poverty increase the risk of non-accidental trauma.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis varies depending on the severity of the injuries and the timing of intervention. Immediate medical and psychological support can improve long-term outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term physical and psychological consequences such as developmental delays, emotional trauma, and physical disabilities are possible. In extreme cases, abuse can lead to death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Wilms tumor affects about 1 in 10,000 children, making it the most common pediatric kidney cancer.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of Wilms tumor, genetic syndromes (e.g., WAGR syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Favorable prognosis with a 5-year survival rate exceeding 90% for localized cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Kidney function loss, metastases to lungs or liver, and complications from chemotherapy or radiation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Over 150,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States; the third most common cancer worldwide.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high red/processed meat consumption, and low fiber intake.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early detection leads to excellent outcomes (90% 5-year survival for localized cancer); advanced cancer has poorer outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Bowel obstruction, perforation, metastasis (commonly to liver and lungs), and recurrence after treatment.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of liver cancers.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Not associated with typical liver cancer risk factors; genetic mutations are implicated.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Better prognosis than typical HCC if treated early; 5-year survival rates vary based on resectability.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Recurrence after surgery, metastasis to other organs.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Very rare, with an incidence of 4,000-6,000 cases annually in the United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
No strong environmental risk factors; some cases are linked to genetic syndromes like neurofibromatosis type 1.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent for localized tumors treated surgically; 5-year survival rate for metastatic disease is about 50% with effective targeted therapy.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Tumor rupture leading to peritonitis, metastasis (commonly to the liver), and recurrence.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Very rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all cancers.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic conditions such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis is poor with a 5-year survival rate of 15–40% for localized disease; survival rates drop significantly for advanced cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Metastasis to liver, lungs, and lymph nodes; recurrence after treatment; and hormonal imbalances leading to Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, or virilization.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
The incidence of NETs has been increasing, with an estimated prevalence of around 2-3 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. NETs are rare but more common in older adults, with gastrointestinal and pancreatic NETs being the most frequent.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Risk factors include age (more common in people over 50), a family history of NETs, genetic conditions like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type 1.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis varies based on tumor type, location, and stage at diagnosis. For localized NETs, the 5-year survival rate is generally favorable (70-80%), while advanced or metastatic NETs have a lower survival rate (around 30-40%).

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Complications include metastasis to the liver or other organs, carcinoid syndrome (which includes symptoms like flushing, diarrhea, and heart valve issues), hormonal imbalances, and malabsorption due to gastrointestinal involvement.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Peritoneal mesothelioma is extremely rare, accounting for approximately 10-20% of all mesothelioma cases. The overall incidence is low, with an estimated 300-500 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
The primary risk factor is exposure to asbestos, particularly in occupations like construction, shipbuilding, and manufacturing. Other risk factors include genetic mutations and a history of prior radiation exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis for peritoneal mesothelioma is poor, with a median survival rate of 12-24 months, depending on the stage at diagnosis. Patients who undergo cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC may have improved outcomes, but survival is still limited.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Complications include bowel obstruction, ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), malnutrition, and metastasis to other parts of the body, particularly the lungs. The treatment itself can also cause side effects like fatigue, nausea, and immune suppression.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 10-20% of patients with advanced cancer.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Patients with lung, breast, or hematologic cancers, and those with extensive bone metastasis.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
The prognosis depends on the underlying malignancy and the ability to control calcium levels. Treatment of the underlying cancer can improve the prognosis.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe hypercalcemia can cause kidney failure, arrhythmias, coma, and, if untreated, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Extremely rare; typically occurs in industrial settings with accidental exposure to arsine gas.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Working in industries handling arsenic compounds, such as semiconductor manufacturing or metallurgical processes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Recovery is possible with prompt treatment, but severe cases may lead to kidney failure or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute kidney injury, severe anemia, multi-organ failure, and death if untreated.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 1,000,000.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, hormonal changes, fasting, certain medications (e.g., sulfonamides).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Treatable; acute episodes can be effectively managed.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Neurological damage, chronic pain, photosensitivity-related skin damage.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Varies; higher in areas with endemic parasitic infections. Often occurs in individuals with allergies or asthma.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Allergic disorders, parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, exposure to certain medications (e.g., antibiotics, NSAIDs).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on the underlying cause; manageable with appropriate treatment but may require ongoing monitoring for chronic or severe cases.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Organ damage (e.g., heart, lungs, skin) in cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome; increased risk of infections if associated with immune dysfunction.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; incidence estimated at 1 in 10,000–20,000 individuals.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic mutations (e.g., KIT D816V), familial mastocytosis.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; indolent forms have a good prognosis, while aggressive forms may have significant morbidity and mortality.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Organ dysfunction, osteoporosis, anaphylaxis, and increased risk of secondary malignancies.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in patients receiving chronic transfusions for conditions such as thalassemia, sickle cell disease, and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Frequent blood transfusions, hereditary hemochromatosis, ineffective erythropoiesis.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with early detection and treatment, but untreated cases can lead to significant organ damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Organ damage (heart, liver, pancreas), diabetes, cirrhosis, and heart failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, comprising 5–8% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas; most common in older adults.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic infection with H. pylori or other pathogens, autoimmune conditions (e.g., Sjögren’s syndrome), and genetic abnormalities.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with early treatment; five-year survival exceeds 90% for localized disease.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Progression to high-grade lymphoma and organ dysfunction.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects 1 in 7,000–22,000 individuals.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of FAP or APC mutation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with early detection and management; untreated, nearly 100% risk of colorectal cancer by age 40.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Colorectal cancer, duodenal cancer, desmoid tumors, complications from surgery.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Acetaminophen toxicity is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure globally, with thousands of cases reported annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Overdose (intentional or accidental), chronic alcohol use, malnutrition, or concurrent use of medications that induce cytochrome P450 enzymes (e.g., certain anticonvulsants).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good if treated promptly; severe cases can lead to acute liver failure and death if untreated.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Acute liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, kidney injury, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically occurs due to accidental ingestion or intentional overdose.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Access to isopropanol (e.g., rubbing alcohol), substance misuse, occupational exposure.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with prompt supportive care; severe cases can result in respiratory or cardiovascular failure.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hemorrhagic gastritis, hypotension, multi-organ failure.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Lead poisoning is more common in developing countries and affects millions globally, especially children in low-income households.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Exposure to lead-based paints, contaminated water (e.g., through lead pipes), industrial emissions, occupational exposure (e.g., smelting, battery manufacturing), and poor nutritional status (low calcium and iron intake).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early diagnosis and removal of exposure sources can lead to significant improvement, but severe poisoning may result in permanent neurological and cognitive deficits, especially in children.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term complications include developmental delays, learning disabilities, kidney damage, hypertension, and encephalopathy in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Cadmium poisoning is more common in industrial workers (e.g., battery manufacturing, metal plating) and populations exposed to contaminated food or water, particularly in areas with poor environmental regulations.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Occupational exposure (e.g., smelting, welding), smoking (tobacco contains cadmium), consumption of cadmium-contaminated food (e.g., rice, shellfish), and living near industrial sites.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early removal from exposure can improve outcomes, but chronic exposure may result in irreversible kidney damage, bone demineralization, and other complications.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Long-term complications include chronic kidney disease (CKD), osteoporosis, fractures, respiratory disorders (e.g., emphysema), and an increased risk of cancers (e.g., lung, prostate).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare; typically associated with accidental ingestion or intentional poisoning.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Handling or ingesting castor beans, occupational exposure (e.g., castor oil production).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on dose and route of exposure; severe cases without prompt treatment can be fatal. Survival is possible with early supportive care.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Respiratory failure, kidney failure, multi-organ dysfunction, death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Aflatoxins affect millions of people globally, especially in developing countries with poor agricultural practices, with exposure often through contaminated food like peanuts, maize, and grains.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Poor food storage, high humidity, warm temperatures, and poor agricultural practices leading to fungal contamination.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Long-term exposure to mycotoxins can lead to chronic liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer, but acute poisoning may resolve with supportive care.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic liver disease, immunosuppression, increased risk of liver cancer, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Amanita mushroom poisoning is rare but serious, often occurring during the mushroom-picking season, typically in temperate climates.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Mushroom foraging, especially by individuals who may confuse toxic species with edible ones. Lack of mushroom identification expertise.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
If treated early, the prognosis may be improved. However, poisoning can lead to severe liver and kidney damage or death if not addressed promptly.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Liver failure, renal failure, long-term organ damage, and death in severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 50,000 for acute porphyrias.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, use of triggering medications (e.g., barbiturates, sulfonamides), alcohol consumption, hormonal changes (e.g., during menstruation).

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With early diagnosis and management, symptoms are reversible, but severe attacks can lead to long-term complications or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pain, paralysis, kidney failure, liver damage, severe neurological deficits.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
A common cause of pediatric emergency visits; exact prevalence depends on local safety measures and poisoning prevention efforts.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lack of childproof containers, improper storage of medications or chemicals, inadequate supervision, high accessibility of toxic substances.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt intervention, though severe cases (e.g., iron toxicity) can lead to long-term organ damage or death.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Organ failure (e.g., liver failure), metabolic acidosis, gastrointestinal damage, seizures, death.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in intra-abdominal infections, post-surgical infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Abdominal surgery, trauma, or conditions causing gastrointestinal perforation.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt treatment; untreated infections can be life-threatening.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Abscess formation, systemic spread (bacteremia), and chronic infections.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Rare compared to other streptococcal infections; associated with 15–65% of colorectal cancer cases.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Age over 50, colorectal malignancies, valvular heart disease, or immunocompromised conditions.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with appropriate antibiotic treatment. However, prognosis may depend on the underlying colorectal malignancy or cardiac condition.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Endocarditis, septicemia, and undiagnosed colorectal cancer.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Increasing incidence due to antibiotic resistance, particularly in healthcare settings.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Hospitalization, use of invasive devices (e.g., catheters), immunosuppression, diabetes, chronic lung disease.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; good with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, but mortality rates are high in severe, resistant infections.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Septic shock, lung abscesses, liver abscesses, and antibiotic resistance.