Condition Lookup

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Sub-Category:

Bipolar Disorder

Specialty: Mental Health and Psychology

Category: Adult

Symptoms:
manic episodes; depressive episodes; mood swings; irritability; elevated self-esteem; decreased need for sleep; racing thoughts; difficulty concentrating

Root Cause:
Dysregulation of brain neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin) and structural differences in mood regulation areas of the brain.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical interviews, mood assessments, and DSM-5 criteria evaluation.

Treatment:
Psychotherapy (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, psychoeducation) and mood-stabilizing medications.

Medications:
Mood stabilizers like lithium , anticonvulsants like valproate or lamotrigine , atypical antipsychotics like quetiapine or olanzapine , and antidepressants (with caution).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 2.8% of U.S. adults annually.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic predisposition, stressful life events, substance abuse, early childhood trauma.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Treatment can help manage symptoms effectively; untreated, episodes can become more severe and frequent.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Increased risk of suicide, substance use disorders, and social/occupational impairments.

Depression and Suicide

Specialty: Mental Health and Psychology

Category: Psychiatric Disorders

Sub-category: Mood Disorders

Symptoms:
persistent sadness; anhedonia (loss of interest); fatigue; changes in appetite or sleep; feelings of worthlessness or guilt; difficulty concentrating; suicidal ideation

Root Cause:
Imbalances in neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine), genetic predisposition, and environmental factors (e.g., trauma, stress).

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria, using tools like the PHQ-9 or Beck Depression Inventory for assessment. Suicide risk is assessed via interviews or standardized scales (e.g., Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale).

Treatment:
Psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy), medications, lifestyle modifications, and crisis intervention for suicide risk.

Medications:
Antidepressants such as SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine , sertraline ), SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine ), and atypical antidepressants like bupropion . In severe cases, ketamine or esketamine may be used for rapid symptom relief.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Major depressive disorder affects approximately 5% of the global population, with suicide being the second leading cause of death in individuals aged 15–29 years.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, history of trauma or abuse, chronic illness, substance abuse, lack of social support, or significant life stressors.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With treatment, prognosis is generally favorable; however, recurrent episodes are common. Early intervention improves outcomes.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Suicide, self-harm, substance abuse, relationship issues, or occupational impairment.