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Sub-Category:

Immune-Mediated Toxicity

Number of Conditions: 1

Immunotherapy-related adverse effects

Specialty: Toxicology

Category: Adverse Effects of Therapeutics and Medical Agents

Sub-category: Immune-Mediated Toxicity

Symptoms:
fatigue; rash; diarrhea; colitis; pneumonitis; hepatitis; endocrinopathies (e.g., hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency)

Root Cause:
Overactivation of the immune system causes inflammation and damage to healthy tissues and organs.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical evaluation, blood tests (liver enzymes, thyroid function), imaging (e.g., chest CT for pneumonitis), and biopsies for organ-specific involvement.

Treatment:
Immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., corticosteroids), discontinuation of immunotherapy, and organ-specific management.

Medications:
Prednisone or methylprednisolone (corticosteroids), infliximab (anti-TNF for refractory colitis), or mycophenolate mofetil (immunosuppressant).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in 10-30% of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Combination immunotherapy, pre-existing autoimmune conditions, and genetic predisposition.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with early intervention, though some effects, such as endocrine dysfunction, may require lifelong hormone replacement.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic organ dysfunction, severe inflammatory syndromes, or treatment discontinuation due to toxicity.