Condition Lookup
Sub-Category:
Developmental and Congenital Bone Disorders
Number of Conditions: 4
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
Specialty: Orthopedics and Rheumatology
Category: Bone Disorders
Sub-category: Developmental and Congenital Bone Disorders
Symptoms:
hip instability; limping; limited hip movement in infants or young children
Root Cause:
Abnormal development of the hip joint, where the femoral head does not fit into the hip socket properly.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Physical examination, ultrasound (in infants), and X-rays (in older children).
Treatment:
Pavlik harness for infants to hold the hip in the correct position. Surgery (e.g., hip reduction and hip arthroplasty) for severe cases or in older children.
Medications:
Typically, no specific medications; pain management can involve NSAIDs like ibuprofen .
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1 in 1,000 live births, with higher prevalence in females.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Breech presentation during delivery, family history, first-born child, and swaddling.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With early detection and treatment, most children will have normal hip development. Delayed treatment may lead to arthritis or hip deformity.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Hip osteoarthritis in later life. Difficulty with walking or walking delay in untreated children. Hip joint instability or dislocation.
Congenital Scoliosis
Specialty: Orthopedics and Rheumatology
Category: Bone Disorders
Sub-category: Developmental and Congenital Bone Disorders
Symptoms:
visible curvature of the spine; uneven shoulders or hips; back pain (in severe cases); decreased lung capacity in severe cases
Root Cause:
Abnormal vertebral formation or segmentation during fetal development, leading to a spinal curvature.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Physical examination, X-rays, MRI (if soft tissue involvement is suspected), and sometimes CT scans.
Treatment:
Mild cases may be monitored with regular follow-ups. Moderate to severe cases may require bracing or surgical intervention, such as spinal fusion or growth-sparing techniques.
Medications:
Typically, no specific medications are required for congenital scoliosis, but pain management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (an analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication) may be used to relieve discomfort.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated to affect 1 in 10,000 live births, with a higher prevalence in males.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, maternal conditions such as diabetes or viral infections during pregnancy, and abnormal fetal development.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Depends on the severity of the curvature; mild cases may require minimal intervention, while severe cases may require extensive surgery. Early detection is crucial to preventing severe deformity and related complications.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Progressive spinal deformity leading to increased pain and impaired mobility. Respiratory difficulties in severe cases. Neurological complications (e.g., nerve impingement) in advanced stages.
Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)
Specialty: Orthopedics and Rheumatology
Category: Bone Disorders
Sub-category: Developmental and Congenital Bone Disorders
Symptoms:
inward turning of the foot (medial rotation); pointed toes (equinus position); heel pointing downward
Root Cause:
Abnormal development of the tissues, muscles, tendons, and bones in the foot during fetal development.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Physical examination and X-rays, if needed, to evaluate the severity.
Treatment:
The Ponseti method, involving serial casting and possibly tendon release surgery. In severe cases, surgical correction may be necessary after casting.
Medications:
Typically, no medication is required for clubfoot, but pain relief can be achieved with NSAIDs like ibuprofen (an analgesic and anti-inflammatory).
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects about 1 in 1,000 live births worldwide.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, male gender, and being born to mothers with certain conditions (e.g., diabetes).
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
With early intervention, most children achieve near-normal foot function.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Recurrence of deformity. Stiffness and restricted movement in the foot and ankle. Arthritis in adulthood if untreated.
Blount’s Disease
Specialty: Orthopedics and Rheumatology
Category: Bone Disorders
Sub-category: Developmental and Congenital Bone Disorders
Symptoms:
progressive bowing of the legs; pain in the knee or lower leg; abnormal gait
Root Cause:
Abnormal growth at the growth plate of the tibia, leading to bowed legs due to asymmetrical growth.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
X-rays, physical examination, and possibly MRI to assess the extent of deformity.
Treatment:
Bracing for mild cases. Surgical correction (e.g., osteotomy) in more severe cases.
Medications:
NSAIDs like ibuprofen (for pain and inflammation) may be prescribed.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
More common in African-American children, with higher rates seen in those who are overweight.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Obesity, early walking, or a family history of Blount’s disease.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early detection and treatment often lead to a good outcome; untreated cases may progress and require more invasive surgical intervention.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Worsening of deformity leading to permanent leg shortening. Joint problems, such as osteoarthritis, later in life.