Condition Lookup
Sub-Category:
Bone tumors (benign and malignant)
Number of Conditions: 2
Osteochondroma
Specialty: Orthopedics and Rheumatology
Category: Bone Diseases
Sub-category: Bone tumors (benign and malignant)
Symptoms:
painless, hard bump near a joint (usually the knee or shoulder); limited range of motion due to the tumor's location; pressure on nearby nerves or blood vessels (if large)
Root Cause:
A benign bone tumor that grows from the surface of a bone, covered by cartilage. It is caused by abnormal growth of the cartilage-capped bone.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Physical examination. X-rays to visualize the growth of the tumor. MRI or CT scan for better detail (if necessary). Biopsy (in rare cases where malignancy is suspected).
Treatment:
Surgical removal of the tumor if it causes pain, interferes with joint movement, or becomes large. Observation if asymptomatic and small.
Medications:
Pain relievers such as NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen ) to reduce discomfort. No specific medication for the tumor itself.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
It is the most common benign bone tumor, affecting up to 2% of the population, typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history (may be inherited in some cases, especially in hereditary multiple osteochondromas). Slightly more common in males.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with surgical removal; tumors tend not to recur unless the condition is part of hereditary multiple osteochondromas.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Nerve or blood vessel compression (if the tumor grows large). Malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma, though rare.
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Specialty: Orthopedics and Rheumatology
Category: Bone Diseases
Sub-category: Bone tumors (benign and malignant)
Symptoms:
pain at the site of the tumor, typically increasing with activity; swelling or warmth over the affected area; fever, fatigue, and weight loss (systemic symptoms in advanced stages)
Root Cause:
A malignant tumor of the bone and soft tissues caused by abnormal cell growth, often affecting the long bones, pelvis, or chest.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Physical examination and assessment of symptoms. X-rays, CT, MRI, and bone scans to identify the location and spread. Biopsy to confirm diagnosis.
Treatment:
Chemotherapy to shrink the tumor before surgery or radiation. Surgical resection to remove the tumor if feasible. Radiation therapy in cases where surgery is not an option.
Medications:
Chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine , doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , and etoposide . Pain management with NSAIDs or opioids for severe cases.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Ewing's sarcoma is rare, affecting mainly children and young adults, particularly between ages 10-20.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic mutations (EWSR1 gene translocation). Slightly more common in Caucasians. Family history of certain genetic syndromes (e.g., familial Ewing’s sarcoma).
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Prognosis depends on the size and spread of the tumor. With aggressive treatment, survival rates can be around 70% for localized disease, but much lower for metastatic cases.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Metastasis, typically to the lungs or bones. Recurrence or secondary cancers due to chemotherapy.