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Sub-Category:

Tuberculosis of the Kidney

Specialty: Nephrology

Category: Infections and Infectious Conditions

Sub-category: Tuberculosis

Symptoms:
persistent flank pain; hematuria (blood in urine); dysuria (painful urination); fever; night sweats; weight loss

Root Cause:
Reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection within the kidney, often secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Urine culture for acid-fast bacilli, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. tuberculosis, imaging (CT or ultrasound showing calcifications, strictures, or cavitations).

Treatment:
Antitubercular therapy (ATT) using a combination of first-line drugs, typically for 6-9 months.

Medications:
Rifampin , isoniazid , pyrazinamide , ethambutol . These are classified as antitubercular drugs.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Relatively rare in developed countries but more common in regions with high rates of tuberculosis.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
History of pulmonary tuberculosis, immunosuppression, HIV infection, diabetes.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with prompt and appropriate treatment. Delayed treatment may lead to chronic kidney damage.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic kidney disease, renal failure, strictures in the urinary tract, and infertility in severe cases.