Condition Lookup
Sub-Category:
Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Number of Conditions: 3
Neonatal Diabetes
Specialty: Diabetes and Endocrinology
Category: Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders
Sub-category: Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Symptoms:
failure to thrive; dehydration; severe hyperglycemia; frequent urination; weight loss in newborns
Root Cause:
Genetic mutations affecting insulin production or secretion, typically presenting in the first six months of life.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Genetic testing for mutations in genes like KCNJ11 or ABCC8; fasting glucose levels, C-peptide levels, and ketones.
Treatment:
Sulfonylureas in cases of ATP-sensitive potassium channel mutations, or insulin therapy if necessary.
Medications:
Sulfonylureas (e.g., glibenclamide) are commonly used; in some cases, insulin therapy is required to manage blood sugar levels.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1 in 90,000 to 160,000 live births worldwide.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic mutations, consanguinity, and family history of early-onset diabetes.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies depending on the mutation; many children achieve good control with oral medications, though some require lifelong insulin therapy.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Growth and developmental delays, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and long-term microvascular or macrovascular complications.
Secondary Diabetes
Specialty: Diabetes and Endocrinology
Category: Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders
Sub-category: Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Symptoms:
hyperglycemia; frequent urination; excessive thirst; weight loss; symptoms related to the underlying condition (e.g., cushing’s syndrome or acromegaly)
Root Cause:
Insulin resistance or deficiency caused by an underlying medical condition (e.g., Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly) or medications (e.g., glucocorticoids).
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Blood glucose levels, HbA1c testing, OGTT, and assessment for underlying conditions via imaging or hormonal studies.
Treatment:
Managing the underlying condition, lifestyle changes, and glucose-lowering medications (e.g., metformin, insulin).
Medications:
Insulin for glycemic control; metformin to improve insulin sensitivity; glucocorticoid antagonists if due to steroid therapy.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Varies widely depending on the prevalence of underlying conditions (e.g., 2-4% of people on long-term steroid therapy develop secondary diabetes).
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Long-term glucocorticoid therapy, tumors affecting hormone production, genetic predisposition to insulin resistance.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with treatment of the underlying condition and proper glycemic control; outcomes depend on the severity of the primary disease.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Microvascular and macrovascular complications if glycemic control is not achieved, complications related to the primary condition.
Pancreatic Diabetes (Type 3c Diabetes)
Specialty: Diabetes and Endocrinology
Category: Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders
Sub-category: Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Symptoms:
chronic hyperglycemia; digestive issues (e.g., steatorrhea); weight loss; frequent urination; excessive thirst
Root Cause:
Damage to the pancreas due to chronic conditions like pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, or pancreatic surgery, impairing insulin and digestive enzyme production.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Fasting glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide levels, imaging of the pancreas (e.g., CT or MRI), and fecal elastase for exocrine insufficiency.
Treatment:
Insulin therapy for hyperglycemia, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) for digestive insufficiency, and dietary modifications.
Medications:
Insulin (short-acting and basal types) for glucose control; pancreatic enzyme replacements (e.g., pancrelipase ) for digestion.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Estimated in 5-10% of diabetes cases; underdiagnosed.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, pancreatic surgery, or trauma.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Challenging to manage; requires coordinated care for endocrine and exocrine dysfunctions.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Severe hypoglycemia, malnutrition due to digestive enzyme deficiencies, and long-term complications of poorly controlled diabetes (e.g., retinopathy, nephropathy).