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Sub-Category:

Other Behavioral Issues

Number of Conditions: 1

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Specialty: Pediatrics

Category: Psychiatric and Behavioral Conditions

Sub-category: Other Behavioral Issues

Symptoms:
frequent temper tantrums; argumentative behavior; deliberate defiance of rules; irritability; vindictiveness; blaming others for own mistakes; persistent anger and resentment

Root Cause:
Dysfunction in the regulation of emotions and behaviors due to genetic, environmental, and social factors, including inconsistent discipline and poor parent-child interactions.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria, including at least six months of persistent oppositional and defiant behaviors that interfere with social, academic, or family life. Diagnosis includes ruling out other mental health conditions.

Treatment:
Behavioral therapy focusing on parent training and child behavior management, family therapy to improve communication, and social skills training for children.

Medications:
While no specific medications are FDA-approved for ODD, stimulant medications (e.g., methylphenidate ) or non-stimulant ADHD medications (e.g., atomoxetine ) may be prescribed if ODD co-occurs with ADHD. Antidepressants (SSRIs, such as fluoxetine ) or atypical antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone ) can help manage severe emotional dysregulation.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 3-16% of children and adolescents, with a higher prevalence in boys before adolescence and equal prevalence in both genders during adolescence.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of mental health disorders, inconsistent or harsh parenting, exposure to violence or trauma, low socioeconomic status, and parental substance use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Early intervention and treatment can significantly improve outcomes; untreated ODD may lead to conduct disorder or other mental health issues.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Academic difficulties, strained family and peer relationships, increased risk of substance abuse, and progression to conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder in adulthood.