Condition Lookup

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Sub-Category:

Clubfoot

Specialty: Pediatrics

Symptoms:
foot turned inward or downward; tight achilles tendon; calf muscle underdevelopment; difficulty wearing regular shoes or walking normally

Root Cause:
Congenital deformity of the foot where tendons and ligaments are shortened, causing abnormal alignment and positioning.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Physical examination at birth; prenatal diagnosis through ultrasound may identify severe cases.

Treatment:
The Ponseti method (manipulation and casting), Achilles tenotomy, and bracing; severe cases may require surgical correction.

Medications:
Post-treatment pain may be managed with acetaminophen (analgesic) or ibuprofen (NSAID).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1 in 1,000 live births worldwide; more common in males.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history, maternal smoking during pregnancy, certain genetic syndromes, oligohydramnios.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent prognosis with early treatment; untreated cases can lead to lifelong disability and impaired mobility.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Recurrent deformity, residual stiffness, skin irritation or pressure sores from braces or casts.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Specialty: Pediatrics

Category: Miscellaneous Conditions

Sub-category: Orthopedic Disorders

Symptoms:
pain and swelling below the kneecap; tenderness over the tibial tuberosity; worsened pain during activity (e.g., running, jumping); tightness in surrounding muscles, especially quadriceps and hamstrings

Root Cause:
Inflammation of the patellar tendon where it attaches to the tibial tuberosity, often caused by repetitive stress during growth spurts.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Clinical history and physical exam; X-rays may show bony changes in the tibial tuberosity.

Treatment:
Rest, icing, physical therapy, stretching exercises, and activity modification; in severe cases, immobilization or surgical intervention.

Medications:
Pain can be managed with acetaminophen (analgesic) or ibuprofen (NSAID).

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in adolescents aged 10-15 years, especially those involved in sports; affects about 10-20% of active adolescents.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Rapid growth during puberty, repetitive stress from sports, tight quadriceps or hamstrings, male gender.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Self-limiting condition that resolves with skeletal maturity; symptoms typically improve within 6-18 months.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic pain, persistent swelling, or bony prominence at the tibial tuberosity; rare cases may require surgical intervention.