Background

Condition Lookup

Number of Conditions: 2

Obstructive Dysfunction

Specialty: Ear

Category: Eustachian Tube Disorders

Sub-category: Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Symptoms:
muffled hearing; ear fullness; pain in the ear; difficulty equalizing ear pressure; frequent ear infections

Root Cause:
The Eustachian tube becomes blocked or fails to open properly, preventing normal ventilation and drainage of the middle ear.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Diagnosis is based on patient history, physical examination, tympanometry, audiometry, and sometimes imaging studies such as CT or MRI to assess the Eustachian tube's anatomy.

Treatment:
Treatment involves managing underlying causes, performing procedures to improve tube function (e.g., balloon dilation or tympanostomy tube insertion), or managing associated infections and inflammation.

Medications:
Decongestants (oral or nasal, e.g., pseudoephedrine ), nasal corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone or mometasone ), and antihistamines (e.g., loratadine ) may be prescribed. These medications help reduce inflammation and open the Eustachian tube.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Common in both children and adults, especially those with allergies, colds, or sinus infections; exact prevalence is difficult to estimate.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Upper respiratory infections, allergies, sinusitis, anatomical abnormalities (e.g., cleft palate), smoking, and obesity.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Generally good with proper management; chronic cases may require ongoing treatment or surgical intervention.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic ear infections, hearing loss, otitis media with effusion, or cholesteatoma.

Patulous Eustachian Tube

Specialty: Ear

Category: Eustachian Tube Disorders

Sub-category: Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Symptoms:
autophony (hearing one’s own voice unusually loud); ear fullness; distorted hearing; sensation of breathing sounds in the ear

Root Cause:
The Eustachian tube remains abnormally open, disrupting the normal pressure regulation in the middle ear.

How it's Diagnosed: videos
Diagnosed through patient history, physical examination, and tympanometry, often showing abnormal compliance. The patient may report characteristic symptoms during specific postures or breathing maneuvers.

Treatment:
Treatment includes nasal saline drops, weight gain (if associated with rapid weight loss), avoiding decongestants, and surgical interventions like Eustachian tube augmentation with fillers.

Medications:
Nasal saline drops or irrigations may help maintain hydration and reduce symptoms. Occasionally, estrogen nasal sprays or tissue bulking agents are used off-label to treat severe cases.

Prevalence: How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Less common than obstructive dysfunction; occurs more often in adults and individuals with recent weight loss or hormonal changes.

Risk Factors: Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Weight loss, pregnancy, radiation therapy to the head/neck, and chronic nasal decongestant use.

Prognosis: The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Symptoms can often be managed effectively, though some cases may require surgical correction.

Complications: Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Chronic discomfort, altered quality of life, and potential progression to more severe dysfunctions requiring surgical intervention.