Condition Lookup
Sub-Category:
Congenital Disorders
Number of Conditions: 4
Congenital heart defects (e.g., Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect)
Specialty: Pediatrics
Category: Neonatal Conditions (Newborns)
Sub-category: Congenital Disorders
Symptoms:
cyanosis (bluish skin); difficulty breathing; poor feeding; failure to thrive; heart murmur; fatigue during feeding or exertion
Root Cause:
Structural abnormalities in the heart present at birth, affecting normal blood flow.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Prenatal ultrasound, echocardiography, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and sometimes cardiac MRI or catheterization.
Treatment:
Surgical repair (e.g., patching septal defects, reconstructing valves), catheter-based interventions, or medication management for symptoms.
Medications:
Medications like propranolol (beta-blocker) for controlling heart rate, furosemide (loop diuretic) for reducing fluid overload, and digoxin (cardiac glycoside) to improve heart function are commonly used.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Affects approximately 1 in 100 live births worldwide.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Family history of congenital heart defects, maternal diabetes, infections during pregnancy (e.g., rubella), and exposure to certain medications or substances.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Varies; many cases are treatable with surgery and/or medication, with good long-term outcomes if treated early.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Heart failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, delayed growth, and developmental delays.
Cleft lip and palate
Specialty: Pediatrics
Category: Neonatal Conditions (Newborns)
Sub-category: Congenital Disorders
Symptoms:
visible gap in the lip or roof of the mouth; difficulty feeding; speech difficulties; recurrent ear infections
Root Cause:
Failure of the facial structures to fuse properly during fetal development.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Prenatal ultrasound, physical examination at birth.
Treatment:
Surgical repair of the lip and/or palate, speech therapy, dental or orthodontic care.
Medications:
Pain management after surgery often includes acetaminophen or ibuprofen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection arises.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Approximately 1 in 700 live births globally.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic predisposition, maternal smoking, diabetes, or use of certain medications (e.g., anticonvulsants) during pregnancy.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Excellent with timely surgical intervention and multidisciplinary care.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Feeding difficulties, speech impairment, hearing loss, dental issues, and social challenges.
Gastroschisis and omphalocele
Specialty: Pediatrics
Category: Neonatal Conditions (Newborns)
Sub-category: Congenital Disorders
Symptoms:
visible abdominal organs protruding outside the body; difficulty feeding; poor growth; susceptibility to infection
Root Cause:
Defect in the abdominal wall leading to externalization of the intestines or other abdominal organs.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Prenatal ultrasound, physical examination at birth.
Treatment:
Surgical repair to return the organs to the abdominal cavity and close the defect, nutritional support, and infection prevention.
Medications:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin , gentamicin ) to prevent or treat infections post-surgery, and analgesics (e.g., morphine ) for pain control.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Gastroschisis
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Younger maternal age, maternal smoking, drug use, or certain medications during pregnancy.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Good with timely surgical intervention; long-term outcomes depend on associated conditions and complications.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Intestinal damage, feeding difficulties, infection, and growth delays.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Specialty: Pediatrics
Category: Neonatal Conditions (Newborns)
Sub-category: Congenital Disorders
Symptoms:
severe breathing difficulties; cyanosis; scaphoid (sunken) abdomen; decreased breath sounds on one side of the chest
Root Cause:
Failure of the diaphragm to close completely during development, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity.
How it's Diagnosed: videos
Prenatal ultrasound, chest X-ray, and echocardiography post-birth to assess lung and heart function.
Treatment:
Surgical repair of the diaphragm, respiratory support (ventilation, ECMO), and nutritional support.
Medications:
Surfactants to improve lung function in newborns, nitric oxide to manage pulmonary hypertension, and diuretics like furosemide for fluid balance.
Prevalence:
How common the health condition is within a specific population.
Occurs in approximately 1 in 3,000 live births.
Risk Factors:
Factors or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Genetic factors, family history, and maternal smoking.
Prognosis:
The expected outcome or course of the condition over time.
Variable; depends on the severity of lung underdevelopment and associated complications.
Complications:
Additional problems or conditions that may arise as a result of the original condition.
Pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung disease, feeding difficulties, and developmental delays.